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Unit 9 AP US HISTORY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gerald Ford | (38th president of the U.S) Ford had presided over the worst economy during the Great Depression. Most controversial act he did was grant a pardon to Nixon for watergate. |
| Jimmy Carter | (39th president of the U.S) He created a national energy policy that included conservation, price control, and new technology. |
| "Malaise" Speech | Carter gave a speech to boost the morale of the American people in the face of economic struggles. It ended up having the opposite reaction. USSR invaded Afghanistan. |
| Camp David Accords | (Signed by Jimmy Carter) in September 1978, established the opposite rea |
| Iranian Revolution & Hostage Crisis | (November 4, 1979-January 20, 1981) 52 United States diplomats and citizens were held hostage after a group of militarized Iranian college kids who are Muslim. |
| Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan | (December 24, 1979- February 15, 1989) The Mujahideen fought a 9 year guerilla war against the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. |
| Sunbelt | The southern and southwestern states, from the Carolinas to California, characterized by warm climate and recently and big population growth. |
| Sagebrush Rebellion | (1970s-1980s) A movement that had sought major changes for federal land control and the disposal policy in 13 western states |
| Suburban Conservatism | Moving out of the city into the suburbs because cheaper mortgages and to get away from crime from the city, |
| Evangelical Christianity | A evangelical refers to a person, church, or organization that is committed to the Christian gospel message that Jesus Christ is the savior of humanity. |
| Moral Majority | Formed by Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson and is made up of mostly of evangelical/ fundamentalists Christians who follow the bible. |
| Christian Coalition | An organization is made up of conservative Christian political committees which campaigned on issues on maintaining its Christian conception of moral law. |
| New Right | Opposition to liberal policies on taxes, abortion, affirmative action, as well as foreign policy stances on the Soviet Union |
| Ronald Reagan | (President of the U.S. 1981-1989)"Great Communicator" Republican, played a major role in helping end the Cold War; known for his economic plan of Reaganomics. |
| Proposition 13 | A successful California state ballot initiative that capped the state's real estate tax at 1% of assessed value. |
| Tax Revolt | 1978 proposition passed by California which slashed property taxes and forced painful cuts in government services. |
| Reagan Revolution/ Reagan Coalition | Reagan's master plan to reduce inflation in the United States. It involved reducing taxes, reducing government spending and regulations in order to tighten up the money supply. |
| Neo- conservatives | Modern American political philosophy that opposes big government approaches to domestic issues yet favors an interventionist and aggressive foreign policy. |
| Reaganomics/ Supply-Side Economics | The idea that tax cuts for the wealthy will not cause increased inequality as the wealthy will spend and invest their money in ways that benefit everyone. |
| Recession of 1982 | Caused by Federal Reserve Bank raising interest rates, cooled inflation, Reagan's tax cuts caused more customer spending and dropped. |
| Deregulation | The act of cutting the restrictions and regulations that government places on business. Monopolistic Competition. |
| "Star Wars" Strategic Defense Initiative | A program first initiated on March 23, 1983 under President Ronald Reagan. The intent of this program was to develop a sophisticated anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from other countries, specifically the Soviet Union. |
| Grenada, El Salvador | A struggle between communist supported revolutionaries and right wing militants, US sent economic and military assistance. |
| Beirut Bombing 1983 | October 23, 1983, two truck bombs struck buildings in Beirut, Lebanon, housing American and French service members of the Multinational Force in Lebanon. |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | A soviet leader that was installed as chairman of the Soviet Communist Party in March 1985. He was amicable, energetic, and most of all committed to reforming the Soviet Union. He championed two policies: glasnost and perestroika. |
| Perestroika | A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society. |
| Glasnost | Openness to end political repression & move toward a greater political freedom for soviet citizens. |
| Tiananmen Square | In Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989 importance: the demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life, caused much resentment. Persian Gulf War. |
| Iran-Contra Scandal | A secret operation in which the US government secretly sent weapons to a known enemy and sent financial aid to a rebel force. Both of those actions were illegal. |
| George H.W Bush | (41st president of the U.S) Before 9/11, Bush had pushed through a $1.3 trillion tax cut program and the No Child Left Behind Act, a major education bill. |
| Gulf War 1990-91 | It was a war against Iraq, in response to them trying to invade Kuwait. The War included Operation Desert Storm, and Operation Desert Shield. |
| Bill Clinton | (42nd president of the U.S) He helped bring about a stock-market surge, low unemployment, minimal inflation, and general prosperity. He balanced the national budget for the first time in 30 years. |
| September 11, 2001 | Were a series of four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant Islamic extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States. |
| Hillary Rodham Clinton | Prominent child care advocate and health care reformer in Clinton administration; won U.S. senate seat in 2000. Got caught in the sex scandal from her husband, BIll Clinton. |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), controversial trade pact signed in 1992 that gradually eliminated most tariffs and other trade barriers on products and services passing between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. |
| Whitewater Affair | The Whitewater scandal refers to a real estate controversy involving former President Bill Clinton and his wife Hillary as relates to their failed investment into a land development venture known as Whitewater. |
| GATT | A legal agreement between many countries, whose overall purpose was to promote international trade by reducing or eliminating trade barriers such as tariffs or quotas. |
| Newt Gingrich | A conservative congressman from Georgia who became Speaker of the House devised this platform which promised to curtail the scope of government, cut back taxes and economic and environmental regulations |
| Ross Perot/ Reform Party | Ross Perot ran as the Reform Party candidate, but was not a factor. Clinton offered no major programs, while Dole called for a large tax cut |
| Clinton Impeachment | His impeachment was under two charges, (1) lying under oath (perjury) and (2) obstruction of justice. |
| Kosovo Intervention | The Kosovo conflict occurred in 1998–99 when ethnic Albanians fought ethnic Serbs and the government of Yugoslavia in Kosovo and was resolved with the intervention of the North Atlantic. |
| Election of 2000 | The 2000 United States presidential election was the 54th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. Republican candidate George W. Bush, the governor of Texas and eldest son of the 41st president, George H. W. Bush. |
| Bush v. Gore | Settled a recount dispute in Florida's 2000 presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. |
| Bush Tax Cuts | Reduced tax on long-term capital gains from 8% and 10% to 5%, and from 20% to 15% |
| dot com bubble | A speculative bubble from 1995-2000 in which the stock market grew super fast in the area of new information technologies on the world wide |
| Globalization | A term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place. |
| Microsoft & Apple Computer | Steve Jobs co-founded Apple Computers with Steve Wozniak. Under Jobs' guidance, the company pioneered a series of revolutionary technologies. (Silicone Valley) |
| Internet/World Wide Web | Network of computers that allows people to communicate w/ others all over the world. World Wide Web. |
| DNA/ Human Genome Project | The Human Genome Project was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA. |
| Rodney King Incident | African American man who was a victim of police brutality. On March 3, 1991, he was beaten by LAPD officers during his arrest, after a high-speed chase. |
| OJ Simpson Trial | Simpson trial was the criminal trial in which former gridiron football star O.J. Simpson was tried for the 1994 murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. |
| HIV/ AIDS | HIV is transferred when body fluids, such as blood or semen, which carry the virus, enter the body of an uninfected person. The virus appeared in America in the early 1980s. |
| Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Movements | Right-to-life movement. Roe v Wade. - opposed abortion - mostly Catholic - claimed abortion was an assault by feminists on women's roles as mothers. |
| Climate Change/ Global Warming | The issue of global warming and tension in the Middle East is causing debate on America's dependence on fossil fuels and the search for a new renewable source. |
| Islamic Fundamentalism | Islamic fundamentalists oppose the infiltration of secular and Westernizing influences and seek to institute Islamic law, including strict codes of behavior. |
| Al Qaeda | A global militant Sunni Islamist terrorist group founded by Osama bin Laden, responsible for the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. |
| Iraq War | (Mar 20, 2003 – Dec 15, 2011) was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011 that began with the invasion of Iraq by the United States–led coalition which overthrew the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein. |
| Hurricane Katrina | The costliest and one of the deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States, which killed nearly two thousand Americans. The storm ravaged the Gulf Coast, especially the city of New Orleans, in late August 2005. |
| Financial Crisis/ Recession of 2008 | The Great Recession refers to the economic downturn from 2007 to 2009 after the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble and the global financial crisis. |
| Election of 2008 | It marks the first time a major political party has nominated an African American for its presidential candidate. Barack Obama. |
Created by:
Katie Chung
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