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Chapter 2 ReviewBook
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Salutary Neglect | weak enforcement of laws regarding colonial trade and self-government. English policy of the 1600s and early 1700s |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. Caused tensions with the colonists. |
| Stamp Act | First direct tax on the colonists. Required a tax stamp be placed on all printed materials. |
| Committees of Correspondence | Established communication systems throughout the colonies. Led to the meeting of the Stamp Act Congress. Example of increased colonial cooperation. |
| Quartering Acts | required the colonies to house and provide food for British troops. |
| "Intolerable Acts" | Called the Coercive Acts by the British. Were passed in response to the Boston Tea Party. closed the port of Boston, forbid town meetings and sent more British troops to the colonies. |
| Tyranny | When too much power is gathered in any one place. Allows for cruel and oppressive abuse of power by a government. |
| Common Sense | written by Thomas Paine. Was influential in increasing colonial support for independence. |
| Declaration of Independence | stated that the British had violated the rights of the colonists and that the colonists had a right to change that government. |
| Thomas Paine | Writer whose pamphlet "Common Sense" increased support for independence from Great Britain |
| Thomas Jefferson | Writer of the Declaration of Independence. Opposed Hamilton's financial plan. A strict constructionist. Was the 3rd President. Purchased the Louisiana Territory. |
| Articles of Confederation | The first American government. Gave too much power to the states. States could print their own money, tax goods from other states, etc. In addition, national (federal) government had no power to tax or to raise an army. |
| Virginia Plan | Plan for bicameral legislature with representation in both houses based on population |
| New Jersey Plan | plan for a unicameral legislature with representation being equal. |
| Great Compromise | plan for a bicameral legislature where one house would have representation based on population and one would be equal representation |
| Three-fifths Compromise | 3/5 of a states population of enslaved people would be counted for representation |
| Federalists | favored ratification of the Constitution and a stronger central government |
| Anti-Federalists | a person opposed to ratification of the Constitution. Many relented and agreed to ratification with the addition of the Bill of Rights. Feared a strong national (central) government |
| Separation of Powers | powers of making, enforcing and interpreting laws to separate legislative, executive and judicial branches. Ensured that no one branch had too much power (avoided tyranny) |
| Checks and Balances | each branch of government has the power to limit the actions of another branch. Example: the President can veto laws passed by Congress |
| Judicial Review | power of the Supreme Court to determine whether a law is unconstitutional. Example of checks and balances. Established by the Supreme Court Case Marbury v. Madison |
| "Necessary and Proper" clause | another name for the elastic clause. Are the powers that aren't explicitly stated in the Constitution but are implied to be necessary to carry out the duties of the government |
| Elastic Clause | another name for the "necessary and proper" clause. Are the powers that aren't explicitly stated in the Constitution but are implied to be necessary to carry out the duties of the government |
| Strict Constructionist | a person who argues a narrow interpretation of the Constitution. in other words: if it doesn't say you can do it, you can't |
| Loose Constructionist | one who argued for a broad interpretation of the Constitution using the elastic clause. Example: Hamilton's support for a National Bank |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Pennsylvania farmers refused to pay a tax on whiskey. Washington called out state militias to put down the "rebellion". Demonstrated the new government was strong (compared to Shay's Rebellion) |
| Farewell Address | Washington's farewell speech where he warned against political parties and getting involved in the problems of Europe. |
| Alexander Hamilton | Wrote 51 of the Federalist Papers, was Secretary of the Treasury, supported the creation of the National Bank |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice of the supreme court. Rulings under Marshall increased the power of the federal government |
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Established the court's right to judicial review. Strengthened the power of the Judiciary Branch |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Said no state can tax the federal government or agency of the federal government. Established national supremacy - agencies and laws of national government are Supreme. Ruled that National bank is Constitutional |
| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | Affirmed that federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce (trade between states) |
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