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Greek Unit Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geography & its effect on settlement and Greek life Part 1 | Greece was very mountainous, so communities were isolated from one another. There wasn't enough fertile farmland, so the Greeks had to start colonies elsewhere. Because of the shortage of fertile farmland, the Greeks would often fight each other. |
| Geography & its effect on settlement and Greek life Part 2 | Travel by land included the danger of: 1.Shattered wheels from rocky roads 2.Wagons getting stuck in the mud 3.Attacked by bandits Travel by boat included danger of: 1.Attacked by pirates and other robbery 2.Storms that could drive ships into rocks |
| Colonization: reasons | The Greeks needed to colonize because there was not enough fertile farmland, so they needed to move to find more farmland. |
| Colonization: process | 1.Consult an oracle to see if they would be successful 2.Gathered food and supplies, got a flame from sacred fire, and started their voyage 3.They looked for a safe place, fertile farmland & good harbors 4.If they found one, they start their community |
| Minoans | Settled in Crete Peaceful people-grew olives, grapes, grains on their plentiful farmlands Used the Mediterranean to trade for resources A volcanic eruption on Thera was followed by earthquake and invasion from Mycenaeans which led toMinoans' downfall |
| Mycenaeans Part 1 | Conquered Minoans & took over Crete, but most lived in Peloponnesus Copied Minoan accomplishments Had fewer resources than Crete- relied on trading more than farming, became more warlike Constant fighting made them vulnerable to Sea People & Dorians |
| Mycenaeans Part 2 | All cities except Athens fell Dorians were farmers with little culture & no written language Greece entered Dark Ages when written language vanished Stories were passed down verbally until written language returned, & people like Homer wrote stories |
| Monarchy | One person (usually male) has all the power Power was inherited, usually from the father to the eldest son. This system of ruling was eventually overthrown by oligarchies in Greece. |
| What monarchs did | The rulers: 1.Made laws 2.Acted as judges 3.Conducted religious ceremonies 4.Led the army during wars 5.Had armed soldiers punish people who broke the law 6.Had councils of aristocrats to advise them |
| Tyranny Part 1 | When the power is in the hands of someone who took and kept power illegally and by force They cannot claim that they have the legal right to rule His son often does not inherit his father's power |
| Tyranny Part 2 | Some were originally military leaders who gained support from the people by promising them more rights. Most ruled well once they were in power by helping the poor, canceling debts, & taking away aristocrats' land. Others were merciless, cruel rulers |
| Aristocrat | Wealthy people in Ancient Greek society In one of the higher classes in the social structure When Greece was ruled by an oligarchy, aristocrats were the ones who brought the change and ruled. |
| Spartan Oligarchy | Council of Elders, 30 men- 2 kings-28 elected members who were 60 years old & from noble family Council of Elders prepared laws for Assembly to vote on- could stop passed laws that they didn´t like Assembly members could only say ´yes´ or ´no´ to laws |
| Athenian Democracy Part 1 | Power was shared by all considered citizens (free men over 18 born in Athens) Council of 500 me everyday to run everyday business, and propose laws Citizens 30+ years old were randomly picked to serve for 1 year |
| Athenian Democracy Part 2 | Assembly met every 10 days Debated and voted on proposed laws Every citizen had the right to speak |
| Causes of the Trojan War | Troy is located at the Hellespont- people waiting to cross between Black and Aegean Seas had to cross there. Troy is therefore a large trade center. The Greeks want these powers for the $ |
| Outcome & Effects of the Trojan War | Troy is destroyed, citizens killed/enslaved. Greeks now a major trading center, making them wealthy and powerful The Greeks returned with more resources, power and $ At the end of the Dark Ages, 400 years later, Homer writes the Iliad |
| Hellespont | Narrow waterway connecting Aegean & Black Sea. Persian forces built trail made of boats to cross it during Persian War Control of Hellespont caused Trojan War since the city in charge of the area of Troy can tax people coming through & earn a lot of $ |
| Homer | Bard/traveling, singing poet Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey at the end of the Greek Dark Ages that are supposedly modeled after the Trojan War. |
| Greek Phalanx | Rectangular formation of armed soldiers bearing long spears and shields |
| Causes of the Persian Wars | Ionian colonies didn´t want to pay Persian taxes & fight in military- they rebelled Darius wanted to keep colonies, expand territory, power, wealth Darius wanted revenge on Athens who helped Ionians Darius didn't want Greek´s democracy to spread |
| Outcome and Effects of the Persian Wars Part 1 | Greeks won, but cities destroyed, people died King Xerxes was embarrassed, Persian Empire was stopped from spreading into Europe |
| Agora | Downtown marketplace of a Greek city state. Is where all the merchants set up. |
| Socrates | Famous Greek philosopher Challenged other´s beliefs Made lots of enemies because of this Put to death for beliefs Teaching style is named after him called Socratic Method |
| Plato | Greek philosopher Socrates´s most famous student Most is known about Socrates because of his exaggerated writing. Created Platonic Academy in Athens |
| Thucydides | Father of Scientific History Most famous book is about Peloponnesian War called ¨The History of the Peloponnesian War¨ Very relatable, unbiased historian |
| Herodotus | Famous Greek historian The Father of History Wrote book about Persian War called ¨The Histories¨ Quite biased |
| Pythagoras | Father of Numbers Liked geometry Many children know his name, and have used him famous mathematical theorem Had phobia of beans |
| Parthenon/Acropolis | Acropolis means ¨City On The Hill¨ Every city had an acropolis, and the Parthenon is Athens´s special temple for their patron goddess, Athena Built to commemorate their victory in the Persian War |
| Outcome and Effects of the Persian Wars Part 2 | Golden Age of Athens begins- become most powerful/influential polis-democracy, freedom flourishes-this spreads around Mediterranean Greek legacy survives, is spread further by Alexander the Great who helps shape the modern world |
| Causes of the Peloponnesian War Part 1 | Persian Empire was starting fights in Greece and giving $ to both sides City Megara (friend of Sparta) banned from trading at Athenian ports |
| Causes of the Peloponnesian War Ṕart 2 | Athens and Corinth (friends with Sparta) fought naval battle over trade center Sparta got nervous over Athens’ growing power and declared war after attempts of peace |
| Outcome & Effects of the Peloponnesian War | Golden Age of Athens ends Sparta wins, but fighting between city-states continues Philip II of Macedonia knew Greece was weak and divided, so he attacked and conquered Greece Philip's son Alexander spread Greek culture and ideas throughout the world |
| Doric Architecture | Old, heavy, simple column construction Fluted shaft had not base, but square capital/top Designed to look like wood Found mainly on Greek mainland |
| Ionic Architecture | Smaller than Doric columns Used on smaller buildings Fluted columns Capital has volures/scrolls Had a base Became popular in Ionian Islands |
| Corinthian Architecture | Similar to Ionic columns Fluted shafts Had bases Capped by capitals with acanthus leaves Some had volutes along with acanthus leaves Least popular of three Greek styles- expensive and time-consuming Romans made this famous Invented in Corinth |
| Athens vs. Sparta How does the Economy of Athens and Sparta differ? | Sparta: Based on farming, conquering others Thought outside ideas would weaken city-state Athens: Based on farming, trading Market called Agora Trade was big part of __ Had coins that made trade easier Similarities: Land didn´t have needed goods |
| Athens vs. Sparta How does the education in Athens and Sparta differ? (Sparta) Part 1 | Sparta: Purpose of education was to produce men and women who could protect their city state When boys were 7, they started to learn how to fight Girls were also taught some military training |
| Athens vs. Sparta How does the education in Athens and Sparta differ? (Sparta) Part 2 | Sparta: Boys were taught to read and write, even though it was not as important as military training At 20, men were given a test of fitness, military ability, and leadership skills to become full citizens and soldiers |
| Athens vs. Sparta How does the education in Athens and Sparta differ? (Athens) Part 3 | Athens: Purpose of education was to produce good citizens Education was focused on a sharp mind and healthy body Girls were taught at home. |
| Athens vs. Sparta How does the education in Athens and Sparta differ? (Athens) Part 4 | Athens: Only boys were citizens-boys and girls were educated differently Boys went to school from 6-14 and were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, literature, music, sports Military training began at 18 |
| Athens vs. Sparta How does the treatment of women and slaves in Athens and Sparta differ? (Sparta) Part 1 | Sparta: Women (W) could talk to men in public W expected to be healthy and strong W could own and control their own property Helots-conquered people turned into enslaved people Government declared war on Helots every year so they could kill Helots |
| Athens vs. Sparta How does the treatment of women and slaves in Athens and Sparta differ? (Sparta) Part 2 | Sparta: Helots could marry whomever they wanted, pass their name on to their children, sell extra crops after giving his master his crops and possibly buy their freedom. Perioikoi- non-citizen freemen, worked for army Traded between city states |
| Athens vs. Sparta How does the treatment of women and slaves in Athens and Sparta differ? (Athens) Part 3 | Athens: Women could not speak to men in public Women managed the household Women could not inherit or own property Women were not considered citizens Could not vote or attend Assembly |
| Athens vs. Sparta How does the treatment of women and slaves in Athens and Sparta differ? (Athens) Part 4 | Athens: Many slaves in Athens- some born into slavery, others captured during war. Slaves played important role Slaves worked in dangerous silver mines, ran households, farmed, worked in factories, tutored children and some were craftsman |
| Athens vs. Sparta How does the treatment of women and slaves in Athens and Sparta differ? Similarities) Part 5 | Similarities: Women and slaves had fewer rights than men Women and slaves did not have political power |
| Alexander the Great and his Accomplishments Part 1 | Macedonian army general, king Son of Philip II Tutored by Aristotle Went to conquer Persian Empire & world In conquered land, built Greek style cities, encouraged Greek settlers to move in |
| Alexander the Great and his Accomplishments Part 2 | United empire by adopting customs & used religion by appearing as god in places he took over. Led army into battle- 1 of few rulers to do so Had soldiers speak Greek to convince others to do so Had soldiers marry Persian women |
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ENedde27
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