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US History M20 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Corporations | Public company that sells stock to shareholders to grow business |
| Fredrick W. Taylor | Effinciency engineer who published a book about workers being interchangable parts |
| Bessemer process | Cheaper and faster way to produce steal |
| Andrew Carnegie | Created monopoly in manufacturing steel |
| Knights of Labor | First labor union and for better working conditions and pay for all workers |
| Thomas Edison | Invented the lightbulb |
| Horizontal integration | Own all buisnesses from a particular field |
| Samuel Gompers | Leader of the AFL union |
| Henry Ford | Automobile manufacturer who used the assembly line |
| Slang for Social Darwinism | Survival of the fittest |
| Grover Cleveland | President of the US in 1894. He stopped Pullman Strike |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | Law to stop businesses from creating trust and monopolies. This law was not enforced. |
| Why was the Sherman Antitrust act not enforced? | Because they did not define was a trust was. |
| What industry increased productivity because of increase production in the steel industry? | Railroads/ Bessemer process 🡪 Carnegie Steel 🡪 increased RR Production |
| What powered the Wright brothers’ airplane? | Gasoline engine |
| What did Henry Ford’s assembly line do for the automobile industry? | Built automobiles faster and cheaper with specialization |
| What is the role of a stockholder? | Partially own a business by owning stock & can buy and sell that stock |
| How did Carnegie keep production costs low? | Carnegie used vertical integration & the Bessemer process to keep costs low |
| What did vertical and horizontal integration strategies do for businesses? | Vertical integration: kept costs low by owning all steps of the manufacturing process. Horizontal integration: eliminates competition by owning businesses in the same field. |
| Why are monopolies unfair to consumers? | No competition allows for higher prices & lower quality of goods |
| How did the labor force change in the Second Industrial Revolution? | Skilled workers were replaced by unskilled workers doing specialized repetitive tasks |
| How did specialization affect factories in the late 1800s? | Factories became more efficient by using assembly line specialization which increased productivity |
| What labor improvements were the Knights of Labor fighting for? | An 8 hour work day, equal pay for equal work, and an end to child labor. |
| What is collective bargaining? | All workers act together to negotiate with owner about pay and working conditions |
| What happened in the Homestead Strike? | Workers barricaded themselves in the plant and some were killed when Pinkerton’s group were sent to take them out. |
| What did Carnegie do that led to a strike at his Pennsylvania factory? | Carnegie’s Pennsylvania plant workers went on strike because some workers were given pay cuts and others were fired and replaced by machines. |
| What was Edison’s problem with lighting up entire cities with his new light bulb invention? | Cities did not have their own electricity, so Edison had to use a power plant that Westinghouse had built. |
| What is a patent? | an exclusive right to make or sell an invention; encouraged new inventions |
| Who are trying to help unskilled workers? | Knights of Labor |
| Where did the lightbulb light up first? | New York |
| Was Thomas's light bulb patented? | Yes, over 200k times |
| What is an assembly line? | Conveyor belt with workers |
| What was the pullman strike? | Widespread railroad strike and boycott that severely disrupted rail traffic in the Midwest of the United States |
| Social Darwinism | How much you work and how smart you are is how much you earn. |
| Trust is the same as? | Horizontal Integration |
| Second Industrial Revolution | a period of rapid growth in U.S. manufacturing in the late 1800s; characterized by advances in technology |
| Alexander Graham Bell | inventor of the telephone |
| Wilbur and Orville Wright | brothers who made the first piloted flight in a gaspowered airplane |
| Andrew Carnegie | business leader who concentrated his efforts on steel production |
| vertical integration | ownership of businesses involved in each step of manufacturing |
| John d. Rockefeller | business leader who concentrated on oil refining |
| What is trust? | a legal arrangement grouping together a number of companies under a single board of directors |
| Leland Stanford | business leader of mining equipment and railroads |
| Terence V. Powderly | Knights of Labor leader who made it the first national labor union in the United States |
| american Federation of Labor | group that organized individual national unions of skilled workers |
| Mary Harris Jones | union supporter who organized strikes and educated workers |
| Haymarket Riot | a union protest in Chicago where strikers fought with police |
| Homestead strike | violent 1892 strike of Carnegie steelworkers ended by state militia |
| How did Ford revolutionize the automobile industry? | He made the assembly line, which made production faster and cheaper. |
| What is the purpose of holding a patent? | Makes it so others can not copy a new invention and make money off of it. |
Created by:
Careless_Izzy
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