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8TH GRADE US HISTORY
UNIT 9-EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WAR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Missouri Compromise | March 2, 1850-Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Set the boundary between North and South in order to keep a balance of repersentation in Congress. |
| Compromise of 1850 | September 1850-Henry Clay and Stephen Douglas admitted California as a free state and enforced the Fugitive Slave Act. This angered Northerners because they wanted to free runaway slaves. |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | Published on March 20, 1852. A novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that portrayed the evils of slavery. The North used as proof of its evils, but Southerners cited it as false. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | May 30, 1854-Established Kansas and Nebraska as territories that had the right to decide for themselves whether to be free or slave. This sparked a series of protests in both states, resulting in bloodhed on both sides. |
| Bleeding Kansas | 1854-1859:Both sides flocked to Kansas in an effort to get it certified for their cause. This angered both sides, resulting in a series of attacks before Kansas was admitted as a free state. Cause-motivated violence resulted in a series of deaths. |
| Dred Scott Case | 1857-After a runaway slave escaped to the North, a court case ruled that he needed to be returned to his owner. Made Northerners angry and determined they needed to end slavery. |
| Lincoln-Douglas Debates | August 21,1858-Presidential candidates Abe Lincoln and Stephen Douglas engaged in debates over various issues. They were as divided over these issues as the North and South. |
| Harper's Ferry Raid | October 16-18 Abolitionist John Brown led an assault on Harper’s Ferry in an attempt to start a rebellion to end slavery.After the failed raid, Brown was arrested and hanged. Many from the South hated him, while Northerners supported him and were angry. |
| Election of 1860 | November 6,1860-Lincoln won, angering the South. By angering the South, Lincoln’s election set the stage for the civil war because he wanted to remove something they saw as a crucial element of life. |
| South Carolina Seccession | December 20, 1860-Angered by the outcome of the 1860 election (they knew Lincoln would try to abolish slavery), South Carolina left the Union. The Union split in two, and Lincoln knew he would be a weak president if he let them stay independent of the US. |
| John C. Calhoun | -US senator from South Carolina -Advocated for state’s rights and nullification -He was convinced that the South might secede from the Union. -Advocator for state’s rights -Disliked tarrifs and supported the South |
| Daniel Webster | -Governor of New Hampshire -Leader of the Federaliists -Opposed the War or 1812 -Believed in a strong central government -Thought states did not have the right to secede -Represented the North |
| Henry Clay | -Known as the “Great Compromiser” -Senator and representative from Kentucky -Involved in the corrupt bargain? -Advocated for tarrifs -Tried to maintain the balance between free and slave states. -Represented the west. |
| John Quincy Adams | -6th President of the US -Ambassador to several countries -Diplomat -Thought slaves had the right to be free and approved of tarrifs -Represented the East |
| Revenue | income of a government in form of customs, duties, taxes, and tariffs used to operate and provide services to the citizens. |
| Tarriff | a tax or duty to be paid on imports or exports designed to raise revenue |
| Protective Tariff | a tariff whose purpose is to protect and encourage the sale of American made goods by making foreign made goods more expensive |
| Northeast | Small farms Large number of factories Large need to move raw materials to factories and finished goods from factories to the market. Led by Webster and Q. Adams 1st textile mill in Pawtucket, RI (1793) by Samuel Slater |
| South | large plantations growing cash crops using slaves Minimal industrialization; bought needed goods Minimum need for mprovements in transportation because it used land for cultivation and expansion of fields of the cash crop Led by John Calhoun |
| West | small farms Not industrialized Desired improvements to encourage people to move West and to make it easier to move their goods to the market Clay developed the American Sysytem, which increased improvements and was protective to encourage buying US |
| Border States | Delaware, MD, KY, and MO. Important to both sides because they had access to major waterways. |
| North In The Civil War | Better generals Industrialized Unfamiliar terrain Somewhat unorganized |
| South In The Civil War | Leaders Determination Not industrialized No railroads |
| North Strategy v South Strategy | The North's goal was to invade the South to try to subdue their desire to secede, while the South's strategy was to defend their territory until the North gave up. |
| Lincoln Priorities | Wanted to keep the Union together while ending slavery. |
| jefferson Davis | President of the CSA |
| Robert E Lee | Head general of the Confederacy |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th US President, during the Civil War |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union General, future president |
| William Carney | A freed slave who served as a Union soldier. |
| Clara Barton | Nurse who treated Union soldiers and founded the American Red Cross after the war. |
| George McLellan | Union general replaced by Grant |
| William Sherman | Union general whose March To The Sea crippled the Confederacy |
| Stonewall Jackson | Confederate general renowned for his bravery |
| Philip Bazaar | Chilean immigrant who lived in Massachussets and fought with the Union Navy during the war; awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor in 1865 for his bravery. |
| Fort Sumter | 4/12/1861-First battle of the Civil War, fought because Confederates wanted to rid the fort, which was in a Confederate state (South Carolina) of Union soldiers. Confederate victory |
| Lincoln's First Address | 3/4/1861- Lincoln says that he does not have the authority to interfere with slavery. |
| Davis's First Address | 2/18/1861-Davis says he believes that secession is legal, and that he does not want a civil war but will push for one if he feels threatened. |
| Battle of Antiedam | September 1862 -The bloodiest battle of the war. Union victory |
| Emancipation Proclimation | 1/1/1863-All of the slaves living in Confederate-controlled states were freed, but did not free slaves in the border states |
| Vicksburg | 5/18-7/4/1863- Gave the Union full control of the Mississippi River |
| Gettysburg | July 1863-Turning point of the Civil War. Union victory |
| Gettysburg Address | 11/19/1863-The Union should come back together |
| Lincoln's Second Address | 3/4/1865-Lincoln said that the Confederacy should not be punished. |
| Apptomattox Court House | 4/9/1865-Ended the Civil War. Union victory. |
| Lincoln's Assassination | 4/15/1865-Johnson will have to bring the Union back together. |
| 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery in 1865 |
| 14th Amendment | Granted citizenship and equal rights to all African Americans in 1868 |
| 15th Amendment | Gave African-Americans the right to vote in 1869 |
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TheProtagonist
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