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History SG 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact? | Signed in 1928 by 15 nations, it was symbolic because nations were agreeing to disarm and not use war as an instrument of national policy. |
| Under the Kellogg-Briand Pact, war would only be used for... | Defensive Purposes. |
| What was American Isolation? | Most Americans were alarmed by the international conflicts of the mid-1930s. But they believed that the United States should not get involved. The nation’s leaders avoided any action that would involve the United States in global affairs. |
| By the 1930's, public opinion believed America had been dragged into WW1 by the... | Merchants of Death. |
| What was the Good Neighbor Policy? | Created under Franklin Roosevelt and continued a policy of U.S. nonintervention in Latin America. |
| What was wrong with the Treaty of Versailles? | The treaty demanded that the Germans pay reparations, or payments for damages and expenses caused by the war. The amount demanded far exceeded what the German government could actually afford to pay. |
| What happened to German's monetary value after WW1? | German currency had simply ceased to have any meaningful value. |
| Who was upset with the final results of the Treaty of Versailles? | -The Italians had hoped to be rewarded with territory as part of the treaty. Instead, they were largely ignored during the peace -The Soviets resented the carving up of parts of Russia. |
| What did Joseph Stalin do? | Stalin focused on creating a model Communist state. Stalin abolished all privately owned farms and replaced them with collectives—large government- owned farms, each worked by hundreds of families. All economic activity was placed under state management. |
| What was a result of Stalin's communist ideals? | Stalin had a drive to purge, or eliminate, anyone who threatened his power. Stalin was responsible for the deaths of 8 million to 13 million people. Millions more died in famines caused by the restructuring of Soviet society. |
| What is a totalitarian government? | A government that tried to exert complete control over its citizens. In a totalitarian state, individuals have no rights, and the government suppresses all opposition. |
| Who was Benito Mussolini? | A man who was establishing a totalitarian regime in Italy, where unemployment and inflation produced bitter strikes. Mussolini knew how to appeal to Italy’s wounded national pride. He played on the fears of economic collapse and communism. |
| What is fascism? | Fascism stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals. To strengthen the nation, Fascists argued, power must rest with a single strong leader and a small group of devoted party members. |
| Who was Adolf Hitler? | In 1919 he joined a struggling group called the Nazi Party. He was such a powerful public speaker and organizer that he quickly became the party’s leader. He promised to bring Germany out of the chaos. |
| What was Nazism? | The German brand of fascism, which was based on extreme nationalism. |
| Who did Hitler form prejudices against? | In his view, Germans—especially blue-eyed, blond-haired “Aryans”—formed a “master race” that was destined to rule the world. “Inferior races,” such as Jews, Slavs, and all nonwhites, were deemed fit only to serve the Aryans. |
| Why did so many Germans support Hitler? | The German people were desperate and turned to Hitler as their last hope after the severe war debts. |
| In January 1933 Hitler was appointed ________, which is also known as... | Chancellor; Prime Minister |
| What were some of the problems Japan was facing? | -Limited size of its territory/crowding -Japan’s government was under civilian control. Many Japanese, however, were unhappy with their leaders. -Dissatisfaction was especially high among members of the military who held strong nationalist beliefs. |
| _________ had a civil war break out in 1936. | Spain |
| What was Japan's first step to gaining more territory? | In 1931 the militarists in control of Japan’s government launched a surprise attack and seized control of the Chinese province of Manchuria. Within months, Japanese troops controlled the entire province, a large region that was rich in natural resources. |
| What did Hideki Tojo do? | Chief of staff of Japan’s Kwantung Army. He launched an invasion farther into China. As French, Dutch, and British colonies lay unprotected in Asia, Japanese leaders seized the colonial lands. |
| Who did Germany annex in 1938? | Czechoslovakia and Austria. |
| Why did Hitler want to annex Czechoslovakia and what reason did he give the other countries? | Hitler wanted to annex Czechoslovakia to provide more living space for Germany as well as to control its important natural resources. But, he charged that the Czechs were abusing the Sudeten Germans, and he began massing troops on the Czech border. |
| Who was Winston Churchill? | In his opinion, signing Munich Agreement, Daladier and Chamberlain had adopted a shameful policy of appeasement. Nonetheless, the House of Commons approved Chamberlain’s policy toward Germany and Churchill responded with a warning. |
| Define appeasement. | Giving someone what they want to avoid further conflict. |
| In 1939, what happened between Germany and the Soviet Union? | Once bitter enemies, on August 23, 1939, fascist Germany and Communist Russia now committed never to attack each other. Germany and the Soviet Union also signed a second, secret pact, agreeing to divide Poland between them. |
| What is blitzkrieg? | Lightning War. Blitzkrieg made use of advances in military technology—such as fast tanks that had been adapted to move quickly over rough terrain and more powerful aircraft that could travel over longer distances—to take the enemy by surprise. |
| What was Hitler's first steps to "racial purification"? | On April 7, 1933, shortly after Hitler took power in Germany, he ordered all “non-Aryans” to be removed from government jobs. |
| What was the Holocaust? | The systematic murder of 6 million Jews across Europe. The Nazis also murdered 5 million other people. |
| What is Anti-Semitism? | The hatred of Jews. |
| Who were the main victims of the Holocaust? | Although Jews were not the only victims of the Holocaust, they were the main Nazi targets. |
| How did Hitler build support for his plans? | Hitler found that a majority of Germans were willing to support his belief that Jews were responsible for Germany’s economic problems and defeat in World War I. He also told the Germans that they came from a superior race, the Aryans. |
| What is genocide? | The deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population. |
| What happened to victims in the Holocaust? | To accomplish this, the Nazis condemned the Jews to slavery and death. They did the same to other groups that they viewed as inferior or unworthy or as “enemies of the state.” |
| Who did the Nazis target? | The Nazis also targeted other Germans whom they found unfit to be part of the “master race.” Such victims included homosexuals, the mentally deficient, the mentally ill, the physically disabled, and the incurably ill. |
| What were ghettos in WW2? | Segregated Jewish areas in certain Polish cities. |
| What happened in the ghettos? | Food was scarce. Diseases spread quickly in the cramped conditions, and many Jews fell ill. The bodies of victims of the death squads piled up in the streets faster than they could be removed. People were forced to work for German industry. |
| What were concentration camps? | Labor camps. |
| What was the Quarantine Speech? | On Oct. 5, 1937, since Japan had not formally declared war on China, the U.S. continued sending arms & supplies to China. Later, Roosevelt spoke against isolationism while in Chicago. He asked nations to “quarantine,” aggressor nations to stop the wars. |
| What was Cash and Carry? | Passed in 1939, it allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships. |
| When did Nazi Germany invade Poland? | Sept. 1 1939 |
| What were Destroyers for Bases? | On Sept. 2, 1940, it was an agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom according to which 50 US Navy destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy from the US Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions. |
| What was Pearl Harbor? | On December 7, 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. |
| What were The Flying Tigers? | Their first combat was on Dec. 20,1941. The Flying Tigers was made to help oppose the Japanese invasion of China. It was composed of pilots from the United States Army Air Corps, Navy, and Marine. |
| What was Hiroshima and Nagasaki? | From August 6-9, 1945, The US uses the first atomic bombs against a country on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. |
| When did WW2 end? | Sep. 2, 1945. |
| What were the Lend-Lease Acts? | Starting March 11, 1941, it stated that the U.S. government could lend or lease (rather than sell) war supplies to any nation deemed “vital to the defense of the United States.” The act brought the U.S. 1 step closer to joining WWII. |
| What was the attack on Pearl Harbor? | Japanese military leaders planned a surprise attack to cripple U.S. naval power in the pacific on December 7, 1941. This attack allowed Japan to fortify its positions in the pacific before the U.S. could recover. They believed it would be quick peace. |
| Who was Rosie the Riveter? | The character “Rosie the Riveter” was inspired by a popular song of the era. Her image was that of a strong woman hard at work in an arms factory. That image became an enduring symbol of these women and their contributions to the war. |
| What were the Neutrality Acts? | Passed by Congress in 1935 as a means to keep the U.S. out of future wars,. First two acts outlawed arm sales or loans to nations at war, while the third extended bans to nations in civil wars. |
| Hitler believes that if Germany is to grow and prosper it needs the... | Land of its neighbors. |
| March 1938, German troops march into _______ unopposed. | Austria. |
| Hitler invites the Great Britain and France to Germany for the _______ ________. Neville Chamberlain accepts Hitler's promise that in return for the Sudetenland, he will.... | Munich Conference; Stop expanding Germany. |
| What was the Nonaggression Pact? | Hitler and Stalin agree not to attack one another and divide Poland between the two of them. |
| What was Wartime Production? | Defense spending skyrocketed in 1940. Idle factories came back to life. They changed from making consumer goods to producing war supplies. |
| How did Wartime Production effect the economy? | This increase in production ended the Great Depression. With factories hiring again, the nation’s unemployment level began shrinking. |
| Hitler's army invaded other places such as... | Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. |
| With what countries he took over, Hitler was able to flank (side step) the _________ and invade France. | Maginot Line |
| Hitler orders the ________ (German air force) to begin bombing Britain. | Luftwaffe |
| At the first Luftwaffe targeted the _______ but then it started bombing ________. | Airfields; Cities |
| The ______ with the help of a new technological device called _______ are able to receive advanced warning of incoming German aircraft. | RAF; Radar |
| To raise the huge amounts of money needed to pay for the war, the government issued _________. | War Bonds. |
| How much did WWII cost? | $350 billion. |
| What were Victory Gardens? | They helped people in rural and urban neighborhoods grow their own food for their families, making more food raised by farmers available to the government for shipment American soldiers fighting over seas. |
| What was rationing? | It regulated the amount of goods a consumer could buy. Introduced to avoid public anger over shortages and to share in the sacrifices. Goods like food, coffee, tires, gas, and clothes were rationed. |
| What was the Office of War Info. (OWI)? | They were held responsible for the production of pro-Allied, anti-Axis propaganda, such as movies and posters, to make citizens of how they could help in the war effort. |
| What was the Voice of America? | It was part of the OWI and intended to broadcast messages overseas. Their broadcasts tried to stir up distrust and encourage the other countries to surrender. |
| What was the Women's Army Corps (WACs)? | Helped bring new jobs, skills, and opportunities for many women during WWII. WACs worked as nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricians, and pilots. They performed nearly every duty not involving direct combat. |
| What was the Executive Order 9066? | Signed by President Roosevelt in early 1942, it permitted military commanders to require Japanese Americans to relocate to interior interment camps away form the western coastal regions. |
| What was the Korematsu vs U.S. case? | Held in 1944, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the forced locations on the grounds that constitutional liberties maybe limited in wartime. |
| What was the name of the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? | Hiroshima: Little Boy Nagasaki: Fat Man |
| What was the name of the plane dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki? | Hiroshima: Enola Gay Nagasaki: Bocscar |
| What was Island Hopping? | The U.S. strategy that was used to capture the Pacific islands, advancing towards Japan. Island by island they won territory back from the Japanese. |
| What was D-Day? | June 6, 1944, the first day of the invasion. 2 American divisions and 1 British division planned to invade the Normandy region of France. This would force Germany to fight on 2 fronts. This was the largest land-sea-air operation in army history. |
| What was the Battle of Midway? | A victory for the U.S. Navy. The turning point of the Pacific. The U.S. victory halted Japanese Navy’s progress across the Pacific and placed them in a reactionary position for the rest of WWII. |
| What was the Battle Iwo Jima? | The importance was the location, which it was 700 miles from Tokyo. The invasion resulted in 7,000 marines being killed. It was where the famous flag raising photo was taken. |
| What was Okinawa? | Last battle before reaching Japan and last of the island hopping campaign. |
| What was the Manhattan Project? | Secret program to build atomic bombs. |
| What was Kamikaze? | A suicide-plane, which is used so Japanese pilots crashed their bomb-laden planes into Allied ships. |
| What was Hiroshima? | August 6, 1945- First city bombed with an atomic bomb. |
| What was Nagasaki? | August 9, 1945- second city an atomic bomb was dropped on. |
| What was Truman's reason for using an atomic bomb? | Truman believed the bomb should be used to end the war and save American lives. |
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