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PE - BIOMECHANICS

Chapter 3

TermDefinition
Biomechanics The science that studies living things from a mechanical perspective
Force Force causes objects to change shape, direction or speed. It is either a push or pull.
Eorce equation Mass x acceleration
Types of forces Gravity, Weight Force, Friction
Gravitational Force Force of attraction between two objects
Weight force Mass = amount of matter an object is made up of Weight = mass x gravity
Friction Occurs when two surfaces contact each other, opposes motion and can be increased or decreased to improve performance
Inertia An object will remain at rest or in a constant motion unless acted on by an external force. Inertia is an objects resistance to change its state of motion
Law of Inertia A body will remain at rest or in a constant state of motion unless acted upon by an external force
Law of acceleration A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion (acceleration) in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force
Law of action For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Momentum A measure of the amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changing that motion
Momentum equation p = mp p = momentum, m = mass, v = velocity
Change in momentum An object can have a change in momentum if either the mass of the velocity of the object is changed.
Conservation of momentum The total momentum of a system before collision is equal to the momentum of the system after the collision
Summation of momentum Generation of sequential momentum to create great force or ac
Impulse Is equal to the change in momentum of an object
Impulse equation Force x time
Angular Motion Movement around an axis, caused by an eccentric force
First law of angular motion The angular momentum of a body remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque
Second law of angular motion A torque applied to an object will produce a change in angular motion in the direction of the applied torque that is directly proportional to the size of the torque and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia on the object
Angular momentum The amount of angular motion possessed by a body. The quantity amount of rotation of a body around an axis
Angular momentum equation moment of inertia x angular velocity
Moment of inertia equation mass x radius2
Moment of inertia Measure of an objects reluctance to rotate
Conservation of Angular Momentum When no external force acts on an object, no change of angular momentum will occur. Once airborne, angular momentum will not change
Conservation of angular momentum explanation Decreasing the radius of rotation (tuck) increases the angular velocity (speed). Increasing the radius of rotation (pike) decreases the angular velocity (speed)
Created by: charlee keating
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