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13 Colonies Notes
Study Cards Of Religion In The Colonies And Enslaved African Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What happened at the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade? | At the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade, African religions beliefs were numerous and varied. |
| What was there a wide range of? | There were a wide range of polytheistic religions (the worship of many gods) and many areas of Africa had converted to Islam. |
| The area of Africa where most enslaved Africans came from had some common themes, what were they? | The area of Africa where most enslaved Africans came from had some common themes: A Supreme Creator who was above their other gods, and to whom they prayed and made sacrifices. |
| Through laws and customs, West Africans sought what? | Through laws and customs, West Africans sought a harmonious balance between the natural and supernatural worlds. |
| In this way they were not too unlike what? | In this way they were not too unlike the religious beliefs of the Native Americans. |
| What did the West African religions make of their worship practices? | The West African religions made dance and music vital parts of their worship practices. |
| Enslaved men and women kept what to keep Africa alive in America and through what did they do this? | Enslaved men and women kept the rites, rituals, and cosmologies of Africa alive in America through their stories, healing arts, songs and other forms of cultural expression. |
| Unfortunately, most Europeans thought of these beliefs as what? | Unfortunately, most Europeans thought of these beliefs as heathen and used it to justify their enslavement of Africans by saying they were bringing them closer to Christian conversion and salvation. |
| Preserving African religions in North America proved to be very what? | Preserving African religions in North America proved to be very difficult. |
| The harsh circumstances under which slaves lived caused what? | The harsh circumstances under which slaves lived-high death rates, the separation of families and tribal groups, and the effort of white "owners" to eradicate "heathen" (or non-Christian) customs-made the preservation of religious traditions difficult. |
| These beliefs weren't entirely what? | These beliefs weren't entirely disappearing. |
| These beliefs were often what? | They were often combined and adapted in creative ways with the various forms of Christianity to which Europeans and Americans introduced enslaved Africans. |
| What are examples of this? | For example, crosses were used as the charms used by Africans to ward off evil spirits. |
| Christ was interpreted as what? | Christ was interpreted as a healer much like the priests of Africa. |
| Catholic saints were seen as what? | Catholic saints were seen as similar to the spirits and minor gods of Africa, etc. |
| The enslaved Africans religious experience also depended on what? | The enslaved Africans religious experience also depended on the dominant Christian denomination of the region where they were brought. |
| Catholics tended to convert what? | Catholics tended to convert Africans simply with little fuss. |
| Protestant churches insisted on what? | Protestant churches insisted on instruction and conversion before baptizing Africans into the church. |
| In fact many in the Anglican church were what? | In fact many in the Anglican church were hesitant to convert enslaved people because it was strongly opposed by the powerful plantation owners. |
| What did they believe? | They believed that enslaved people would expect freedom due to their status as Christians. |
| Also Protestantism was strongly tied to what? | Also Protestantism was strongly tied to literacy (the ability of people to read the Bible for themselves). |
| Enslavers saw this as what? | Enslavers saw this as a dangerous skill for their enslaved Africans to have as it could aid them in rebelling. |
| When they were allowed to worship it was most often what? | When they were allowed to worship it was most often in white controlled churches so what and how they were learning about religion could be controlled. |
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