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13 Colonies Notes
Study Cards Of Indigenous Economy Pre and Post Colonial Start
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the Pre-Colonial time, what was the economy of most native groups in the area of the 13 colonies based on? | Agricultural and supplemented with hunting, fishing and gathering. |
| Where did these native groups lived? | They lived in permanent or semi-permanent settlements. |
| In these native groups, what was labor divided by? | Labor was divided by gender. |
| In these native groups, what was their farming like? | The concept of individual land ownership was foreign to the Native Americans. native Americans east of the Mississippi typically farmed a particular area for a few years and moved to new land when the old land was no longer fertile. |
| How was the new land different to the old land in these native groups? | As had been the case with the old land, the new land was open to anyone who wanted to cultivate it. They believed that the land belonged to the group rather than to individuals. |
| How where the Native American groups different from the European groups? | Increasing the amount of owned land and individual wealth was not a goal to the Native Americans in the same way it was for the Europeans. In almost all Native american cultures, surplus food and other necessities were shared with those who had less. |
| In these native groups, what was trade like? | Trade often took the form of gift-giving, in which one individual gave items of value to another, with the expectation of someday receiving a gift in return. A tribal leader redistributed gifts of food and other valuables within the community. |
| What did Native American cultures lack? | Native American cultures lacked the concept of money. Money provides a way of storing the value of the things we produce and trade with others. |
| What can the Native American groups do in the future? | We can invest it for future gain. A culture without money, however, tends to be limited to those things they can satisfy quickly-food, shelter, clothing and tools. |
| In these native groups, what did they make heavy use of? | They also made heavy use of trade with native groups from other regions. They would trade local resources or excess food to gain resources they didn't have easy access to. |
| In the Post-Colonial time, what did both native and colonial economies depend on? | Both native and colonial economies depended on the use of land. When the colonists "bought" land from the natives they expected them to leave and not use it. The natives viewed the purchase as an agreement to SHARE the land. |
| What happened as a result to this agreement? | As a result, colonists were preventing the use of and/or destroying land the natives needed for farming, hunting and gathering, the very basis of their economies. It is no wonder conflict was a result! |
| What happened when the first colonies were being created? | When the first colonies were being created, the colonial economies took a back seat to simple survival! |
| What happened during these early years? | During these early years, the colonists would trade cloth, metal objects (tools, knifes, pots), and ceramic and glass beads to the natives. |
| What would the Native Americans give back in exchange? | In exchange, the Native Americans would provide the colonists food, permission to use the land, and the knowledge of how to best farm, hunt and gather locally. |
| What happened after the colonists began to sustain themselves? | After the colonists began to sustain themselves with their own crops, the need for native food in trade diminished. |
| What happened because of this? | However, there was a large demand for fur by the colonists. Fur was in high demand back in Europe and colonial fur traders could make a lot of money! By this time, colonists were also trading guns with the natives which they had not done earlier. |
| What were the Indigenous people an essential part of? | The Indigenous people were and essential part of the fur trade. |
| What were the Indigenous people skilled at? | They were skilled at trapping the animals and would collect furs in winter when the coats were thickest and keep them until the Europeans arrived to do their trading in the spring. |
| What did the introduction of the fur trade have a profound effect on? | The introduction of the fur trade had a profound effect on their way of life, however. |
| What did this increase? | It increased the conflict between various native peoples as they completed for hunting grounds especially as the populations of animals dwindled. |
| What did Indigenous people spend more time on? | The Indigenous peoples spent more time on hunting for fur rather than food. This made many native people more heavily dependent on Europeans for firearms and food. |
| Rather than having an economy based on "shared" food, a non-capitalist economy, what do they now have? | Rather than having an economy based on "shared" food, a non-capitalist economy, they now had an economy based on individual profit from furs. |
| What started to happen to communal hunting grounds? | Communal hunting grounds started to be divided and the concept of land ownership began to take hold in Indigenous communities. |
| What happened to Conservation? | Conservation was abandoned. When hunting for food, Indigenous people would take only what they needed. Surpluses were not necessary. |
| Now what did the fur economy mean? | Now, the fur economy meant that the more furs hunted, the more money there was to be made. Eventually this decimated the beaver population. |
| What happened with the European diseases? | European diseases, for which the Indigenous people had no immunity, took a serious toll on their populations. These were spread by European fur traders and the Christian missionaries who soon followed them to convert the native people to Christianity. |
| What did trade between the colonists and native ultimately prove? | Ultimately, trade between the colonists and natives, while starting out beneficial (helpful) to both groups, proved to be detrimental (harmful) to the indigenous population and their way of life. |
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