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Module 11
Module 11 - Church and Society in Western Europe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What three practices showed the Church needed reforming? | Simony, marriage of priests, and the appointment of the bishops by kings. |
| What new style of church architecture was created during the early 1100s? | A style known as Gothic spread throughout medieval Europe. Towering cathedrals were built and lights streamed in through colorful stained glass windows in the church. These building shot upwards as if they were reaching towards heaven. |
| Why did people support the Crusades? | They had a deep faith in their religion and as a result, they wanted to keep the holy land of Jerusalem, as well as for the protection of Constantinople. |
| Why did the Crusades occur? | Originally, it was to protect the city of Constantinople, as well as a way to gain control of the Holy Land. However, it evolved into a thing with economic, social, as well as political motives. |
| Why were the Middle Ages also known as the Age of Faith? | The popes began to reform the Church, and they restored and expanded its power and authority. As a result, a new age of religious feeling was born throughout the Middle Ages. |
| What was a guild, and why was the creation of guilds important in medieval society? | A group of people in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members. They set standards for quality of work, wages, and working conditions. They also created plans for the training of new workers. |
| How did the three-field system of farming better help farmers than previous systems of farming? | It allowed more food to be produced as farmers could now grow crops on two-thirds of their land each year. |
| How did letters of a credit help merchants? | They eliminated the need to carry around large sums of cash and as a result: made trading easier. To offer these services, trading firms and associations were formed. |
| How did contact with Muslims during the Crusades affect learning in Europe? | It allowed Europeans to acquire new knowledge in a variety of different fields and languages. |
| During around 800 to 1200, why did a lot people want to move to medieval towns? | They were fill with new economic and social opportunities for people. |
| What was a direct result of the the second agricultural revolution? | People were able to better resist disease, the production of food increased, and population counts increased. |
| What was the Magna Carta, and what was its significance? | A document drawn up by English nobles that guaranteed certain basic political rights. Rights included no taxation without representation, a jury trial, and protection of the law. The Magna Carta now grants basic legal rights, in both England and U.S. |
| What was the common law? | A unified body of law formed by the rulings of England’s royal judges. Today, it serves as the basis for law in many English-speaking countries today, including the United States. |
| What aspects of courts were developed during the rule of Henry II and Philip II? | The use of jury in English courts, and established bailiffs to run courts and collect taxes. |
| How did William the Conqueror begin the unification of Europe? | He unified control of the lands and laid down the foundation for a centralized government. |
| What was the estates-general, and what made it up? | An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates. The first estate belonged to church leaders, the second estate belonged to the great lords, and the third estate belonged to the commoners, landowners, and merchants. |
| What was Parliament? | A legislative group. Certain citizens from every borough would meet up and serve as a parliament. |
| Which aspects of a centralized government developed in both England and France? | A democratic type society was developing; common law and court systems were developed. |
| What was the Hundred Years' War? What were the results? | A battle between England and France on French land. A change in the style of warfare happened, and led to the end of chivalry and knighthood, a feeling of nationalism arose, and the power of the French increased, while the English bore issues. |
| What was the Great Schism? What were the results? | A division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church, during which rival popes were established in Avignon and in Rome. The Papacy had been weakened, as three popes were forced to resign, and one single pope had to be chose, however, it was too late for that. |
| What were the reasons and causes for the Bubonic Plague? | Black rats carried fleas that were infested with bacillus. People didn’t clean themselves or take baths, and almost everyone had fleas and lice. The unsanitary streets became a breeding ground for rats. Fleas carried by rats leapt from person to person. |
| What were the results of the Bubonic Plague? | Great economic and social effects. They disrupted and caused the downfall of the feudal/manorial system. The death toll was enormous, and town populations fell, trade declined and prices of goods rose, and serfs left their manor in search of larger wages. |
| What were some symptoms of the Bubonic Plague? | Painful swellings called buboes in the lymph nodes. Sometimes purplish or blackish spots on the skin. Extremely high fever, chills, delirium, and in almost also cases death. |
| What were some reasons for the decline of the Middle Ages? | Nations changing their loyalties from their lords to their king and country, the Bubonic Plague, the Great Schism/the corruption of the Church, the Crusades, the beginnings of Democracy, and the end to feudalism/the manor system. |
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26brabinowitz
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