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SS 8
Progressive Era Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did the post Civil War industrial expansion change the US economy? | Businesses became corporations owned by shareholders. Monopolies were formed- Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust. Brought great wealth and great poverty- Gilded Age. South remained agricultural. |
| What social problems did industrialization cause in the Gilded Age? | Bootleggers,organized crime,flagrant violations, bribery, revival of KKK, increase in crime in general, average person became a "lawbreaker" |
| How did the Progressive Era that followed attempt to deal with those problems? | There were new attitudes towards the federal government, many thought it was needed to control the growing power of corporations and industry; Vast expansions of the federal government; Lots of focus on safety of workers and the public in general |
| Bessemer Process | A process for making steel more efficiently, patented in 1856. |
| Vertical Integration | Practice in which a single manufacturer controls all of the steps used to change raw materials into finished products. |
| Robber Barron | The process of running other businesses out of business so that one's own business can prosper; includes Rockefeller and Morgan |
| Monopoly | Complete control of a product or business by one person or group |
| Trust | a group of corporations that unite in order to reduce competition and control prices in a business or an industry |
| Mass Production | manufacturing of large numbers of identical products quickly and cheaply |
| Muckracker | Journalists who wrote about corruption in business and politics in order to bring about reform. |
| Trustbuster | a person working to destroy monopolies and trusts |
| Push and Pull Factors | Push: reasons to immigrate and migrate because of issues like war, famine, persecution Pull: factors pulling away from their native country and into the U.S., such as better working conditions and pay. |
| Assimilation | Process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture |
| Slums | Poor, run-down urban neighborhoods |
| Ghetto | A poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions |
| Sweatshop | A shop or factory where workers work long hours at low wages under unhealthy conditions |
| Tenements | Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived |
| Labor Union | association of workers organized to improve wages and working conditions |
| Minimum Wage | Lowest amount which can legally be paid to an employee |
| Socialism | A social and political philosophy based on the belief that democratic means should be used to evenly distribute wealth throughout a society |
| 19th Ammendment | Gave women the right to vote |
| Andrew Carnegie | Creates Carnegie Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist. Was one of the "Robber barons" |
| John D. Rockefeller | Wealthy owner of Standard Oil Company. Considered to be a robber baron who used ruthless tactics to eliminate other businesses. Built trusts and used money to influence government. |
| J.P. Morgan | An influential banker and businessman who bought and reorganized companies. His US Steel company would buy Carnegie steel and become the largest business in the world in 1901. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Republican (1901-1905) and (1905-1909)Conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War. "Walk Softly and Carry a Big Stick" |
| Jacob Riis | He described the awful living conditions of poor people in the tenements of New York City in "How the other half lives"; led to many social reforms. |
| "Mother" Jones | a dressmaker in Chicago until a fire destroyed her business. She then devoted her life to the cause of workers. Supported striking railroad workers in Pittsburg, and traveled around the country organizing coal miners and campaigning for improved working conditions. Helped pave the way for reform. |
| Jane Addams | Prominent social reformer who was responsible for creating the Hull House. She helped other women join the fight for reform, as well as influencing the creation of other settlement houses. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony | (1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869. |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | (1859-1947) A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920. |
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