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Vocab shite
Basics of Heredity for P.6 Aaron Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gene | A section of DNA that provides the instructions for making proteins |
| Genome | The entire set of genes in an organism |
| Alleles | Different versions of the same gene |
| Homozygous | Two of the same alleles (Ex. AA or aa) |
| Heterozygous | Two different alleles (Ex. Aa) |
| Dominant | If present, allele will always have that trait expressed (seen) |
| Recessive | Allele will only have that trait expressed (seen) when the dominant allele is not present |
| Genotype | The actual alleles inherited (Ex. genes that code for flower color such as FF, Ff, or ff) |
| Phenotype | The physical traits/characteristics seen in an organism (Ex. purple flowers) |
| Punnett Square | A diagram that shows the probability of inheriting traits from parents with certain genes |
| Monohybrid Cross | A cross between two organisms looking at one trait (type of punnett square) |
| Principle/Law of segregation | When chromosomes separate in meiosis, each gamete (egg or sperm) will receive only one chromosome from each pair |
| Principle/Law of independent assortment | The assortment of chromosomes for one trait doesn’t affect the assortment of chromosomes for another trait |
| Dihybrid Cross | Used when finding the possible genotypes for offspring when considering two traits at the same time. |
| Incomplete Dominance | The heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes. Meaning… neither allele is completely dominant or recessive (Ex. Red and white flowers make pink flowers) |
| Codominance | Both traits are fully and separately expressed (Ex. Red and white flowers make red and white speckled flowers) (Ex. Blood type AB is fully A and fully B) |
| Polygenic Inheritence | A trait produced by two or more genes (Ex. skin color, eye color, height, personality) |
| Sex-linked genes | Genes located on the sex chromosomes. If on the X, they are ‘X-linked’. If on the Y, they are ‘Y-linked’ |
| Purebred | Also called HOMOZYGOUS and consists of gene pairs with genes that are the SAME |
| Hybrid | Also called HETEROZYGOUS and consists of gene pairs that are DIFFERENT |
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jp07344
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