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SS 8

Industrialization and Immigration

TermDefinition
William "Boss" Tweed Leader of the corrupt political machine Tammany Hall in New York City
Andrew Carnegie Creates Carnegie Steel. Dominated the US steel industry
John D. Rockefeller Wealthy owner of Standard Oil Company. Considered to be a robber baron who used ruthless tactics to eliminate other businesses.
J.P. Morgan An influential banker and businessman who bought and reorganized companies. His US Steel company would buy Carnegie steel and become the largest business in the world in 1901.
"Mother" Jones a dressmaker in Chicago until a fire destroyed her business. She then devoted her life to the cause of workers. Supported striking railroad workers in Pittsburg, and traveled around the country organizing coal miners and campaigning for improved working conditions. Helped pave the way for reform.
Thomas Edison Inventor of the lightbulb
Alexander Graham Bell Famous for inventing the telephone
Jane Addams social reformer who was responsible for creating the Hull House (settlement house for poor and homeless). She helped other women join the fight for reform, as well as influencing the creation of other settlement houses.
Samuel Gompers He helped to start the American Federation of Labor and served as the president for 37 years.
Knights of Labor labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms
American Federation of Labor (AFL) focused on very specific workers' issues such as wages, working hours, and working conditions
Hull House A settlement house for the poor and homeless
Tammany Hall Political machine in New York, headed by Boss Tweed.
Gilded Age A late 1800's era of fabulous wealth for a few that masked serious social problems
Urbanization increasing numbers of workers moving to cities
Industrialization The development of industries for the machine production of goods.
Robber Barron Name used in 1800's to describe a business leader who used dishonest methods to get rich, includes Rockefeller and Morgan
anarchist A person who opposes all forms of government.
patents Government documents giving an inventor the exclusive right to make and sell an invention for a specific number of years
political machine An illegal gang. Example: Boss Tweed
Corporation A business owned by investors who buy part of it through shares of stock
Monopoly Complete control of a product or business by one person or group (business gains control by putting competitors out of business)
Assimilate Process by which immigrants blend into American society
Melting Pot society in which people of different nationalities assimilate to form one culture
Depression A period of extremely low economic activity
Socialism A social and political philosophy based on the belief that democratic means should be used to evenly distribute wealth throughout a society
Tenements overcrowded, dirty, dangerous and disease-ridden housing where many immigrants lived during the Gilded Age
Trust legal body created to hold stock in many companies, often in the same industry
Push and Pull Factors Push: reasons to immigrate and migrate because of issues like war, famine, religious persecution, poverty Pull: factors pulling away from their native country and into the U.S., jobs, land, freedom, fresh start
Positive and Negatives of Big Business Positive: New inventions and technology. Industrialization means more goods and job. Negative: Monopolies (one company ruling an industry), Robber Barron (business leaders used ruthless, dishonest methods to get rich) Gilded: age of great prosperity for few and great struggle for many
Popular U.S. History sets

 



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