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WWII Terms
| Question | Term |
|---|---|
| Who oversaw the Manhattan Project? | Henry Stimson |
| Who was the Secretary of War during WWII? | Henry Stimson |
| Who famously said. “I shall return?” | Douglas MacArthur |
| Who served as general of the US Army in the Pacific theater and was well known for the Philippine campaign? | Douglas MacArthur |
| Who oversaw everything in the Pacific theater and was Commander in Chief there? | Chester W. Nimitz |
| Who was a leading expert in submarines and was leader of many naval forces? | Chester W. Nimitz |
| Who led Germany’s North African campaign and was nicknamed the “Desert Fox”? | Erwin Rommel |
| Who committed suicide after plotting to kill Hitler? | Erwin Rommel |
| Who led the American campaign to take over North Africa? | Eisenhower |
| Who was the supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces, commanding the D-Day landings? | Eisenhower |
| Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during WWII? | Joseph Stalin |
| Which Allied leader was originally allied with Hitler until he was betrayed? | Joseph Stalin |
| Who led China during WWII? | Chiang Kai-Shek |
| Who overthrew the old Chinese government and replaced it with his own Nationalist government? | Chiang Kai-Shek |
| Was a presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948? | Thomas E. Dewey |
| Who got defeated by FDR in the Presidential election of 1944? | Thomas E. Dewey |
| Who helped benefit the farmers? | Henry A. Wallace |
| Who’s famous motto was “Peace, Prosperity, and Equality”? | Henry A. Wallace |
| Who serves as President when Roosevelt suddenly dies? | Harry S Truman |
| Who put an end to the War by dropping atomic bombs in Japan? | Harry S Truman |
| What was the name of the agency that supervised war productions? | War Production Board |
| President Roosevelt established this on January 16, 1942 to control the economy. | War Production Board |
| Which Supreme court case excluded Japanese Americans from the military area in World War II? | Korematsu v. United States |
| This Supreme court case upheld a restriction on civil liberties on Japanese Americans. | Korematsu v. United States |
| Which New Deal agency controlled inflation and stabilized prices? | Office of Price Administration |
| Which New Deal agency had the power to ration scarce items like tires and sugar? | Office of Price Administration |
| Enabled women to work in noncombat positions. | Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) |
| Was the women’s branch of the US Army. | Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) |
| What was the women’s branch of the naval reserve in WWII? | Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) |
| What is the name of the part of the military that offered women jobs ranging from clerical duties to serving as instructors for pilots-in-training? | Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) |
| What was the famous symbol for working women during WWII? | “Rosie the Riveter” |
| This symbol encouraged and represented all of the women who began working during WWII as mens’ jobs became vacant after they went off to war. | "Rosie the Riveter” |
| What was the name of Mexican contract laborers who worked for a limited time as farm laborers and in factories? | Braceros |
| Who were the Mexican workers who conducted many strikes for higher wages in agricultural fields of the southwest and northwest? | Braceros |
| What was the committee established to help prevent discrimination again African Americans in defense/government jobs? | Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) |
| What committee was created after Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802? | Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) |
| What organization worked for the abolition of segregation in various areas of society like education, unemployment, and voting? | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
| What organization was founded in 1909 and tried to combat and put an end to discrimination in the military during WWII? | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
| What organization had the purpose of ending discrimination through direct action projects? | Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) |
| What interracial organization was established by James Farmer in 1942 and fought for rights of equality for minorities? | Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) |
| What is the term for US cargo planes flying through the Himalaya Mountains to supply the Chinese government in Chungking with desperately needed war supplies? | Flying “over the hump” |
| What is referred to as the US cargo flying through the Himalaya Mountains? | Flying “over the hump” |
| What was the event called when American soldiers marched to Japanese captors? | Bataan Death March |
| What was another name for the march led by the American soldiers marched to Japanese captors? | Bataan Death March |
| What was the first battle between Japan to U.S after the Pearl harbor? | Battle of Midway |
| What is the name of the battle between the Japanese and U.S that was considered the first engagement? | Battle of Midway |
| What is one of the Solomon islands in the southwest pacific where the Japanese were building airstrips? | Guadalcanal |
| Where did the August 1942 battle happen? | Guadalcanal |
| What was one strategy to avoid heavily fortified Japanese islands and concentrate on less heavily defended islands? | Island hopping strategy |
| What was a strategy used for preparation for a combined air, land, sea invasion of Japan? | Island hopping strategy |
| On which conference, did the allies demand the unconditional surrender of the axis and agreed to aid the Soviets and on the invasion of Italy? | Casablanca Conference |
| During what event did the Allies start having a joint leadership of the Free French by De Gaulle and Giraud? | Casablanca Conference |
| What was the immediate invasion of German occupied France by U.S, Britain, and Canada forces called? | Second Front |
| What event took off pressure for the Soviet Union's forces fighting the German on the eastern front? | Second Front |
| What was the first conference between the "Big Three" leaders during World War II? | Tehran Conference |
| In which conference was it planned to open a second front against Nazi Germany | Tehran Conference |
| What is the name of the day that changed the course of World War II? | D-Day |
| What was the other name given to Operation Overlord? | D-Day |
| When was the last German offensive launched? | Battle of the Bulge |
| What is the name of the battle in which the Germans failed to push Allies back from their territory? | Battle of the Bulge |
| What is the name of the final wartime conference between the Big Three leaders? | Potsdam Conference |
| Where was it decided to divide Germany into 3 zones of occupation? | Potsdam Conference |
| What is the name of the last major battle of World War II? | Battle of Okinawa |
| What is the name given to the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific theater of World War II? | Battle of Okinawa |
| What is the name of an USA agency formed in World War II to coordinate all government agencies? | Office of War Mobilization |
| This agency was created with the purpose to supervise all defense agencies that came about in Washington, D.C. | Office of War Mobilization |
| The initial age scale used was 21-35 for the draft | Selective Training and Service Act |
| was the first time the country had mobilized an army while still at peace. | Selective Training and Service Act |
| was not only to undermine industrial production but also to demoralize the population. | Strategic Bombing |
| Air Chief Marshal Arthur Harris initiated a ______campaign against Germany's major cities aimed to destroy enemy morale by targeting residential areas. | Strategic Bombing |
| was composed of 12 members, four representatives each of industry, labor, and the public. | National War Labor Board |
| was to attempt to mediate labor disputes that might otherwise lead to strikes. | National War Labor Board |
| took place from 4 to 8 May 1942 | Battle of the Coral Sea |
| resulted in Allied victory | Battle of the Coral Sea |
| was the first officer assigned to the Tank Corps in WWI. | George Patton |
| helped lead the Allies to victory in the invasion of Sicily during WWII | George Patton |
| What committee investigated the munitions industry? | Nye committee |
| Who ran the Nye committee? | Gerald Nye |
| Civilian women pilots' organization | Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) |
| Strategy agreed between the United States and United Kingdom that all resources would go to subduing Germany first since they are the main threat. | Europe First |
| Native Americans employed during wartime by the Allies to talk in their native language as a secret means of communication since little was known about them in Europe. | Navajo code talker |
| Prime minister of UK during WWII | Winston Churchill |
| The battle between Germany and the axis power and Soviet Union in southern Russia. | Stalingrad |
| coordinated all the war agencies in the United States of America. | Office of War Information |
| The freedom of speech, the freedom of worship, the freedom from want, and the freedom from fear | Four Freedoms |
| painted Rosie the Riveter | Norman Rockwell |
| was most famous for his Four Freedoms series | Norman Rockwell |
| founded the first major Black Labor Union (the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters) | A. Philip Randolph |
| planned a march on Washington to protest discrimination in the war industry workforce | A. Philip Randolph |
| received a Navy Cross for his brave actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor | Doris Miller |
| was a Navy cook aboard the USS West Virginia | Doris Miller |
| The place where the Marines raised the American flag during the battle of Iwo Jima. | Mount Suribachi |
| This was awarded to soldiers who have distinguished themselves with acts of valor. | Congressional Medal of Honor |
| What is the highest and most prestigious award a soldier could receive? | Congressional Medal of Honor |
| This was the first Black American pilot group for the US military | Red Tails |
| This Black American military group compiled an impressive war record. | Red Tails |
| These troops are specially trained to jump out of planes | Paratroopers |
| The troops trained in parachute use and jumping out of planes are called what? | Paratroopers |
| Mexican Americans dressed in this attire that later led to a series of protests in LA | Zoot- Suit Riots |
| This series of riots was headed by white marines against the Mexican minority group | Zoot- Suit Riots |
| This movement was led by the Pittsburgh Courier and aimed African Americans to support the war. | Double V Campaign |
| This aimed to gain victory over racial discrimination at home and abroad. | Double V Campaign |
| Japanese were sent to internment camps under what order? | EO 9066 |
| Due to the fear of the country’s safety, what order was put into place that sent Japanese people to internment camps. | EO 9066 |
| What order established the Fair Employment Practices Commission to enforce the new policy? | EO 8802 |
| With what executive order did FDR issue to overcome discriminatory employment practices by Federal agencies, unions, and companies for war related work? | EO 8802 |
| Through advertising and emotional appeals got the American people to lend money to the government for the war. | War Bonds |
| A way to show one’s patriotism for America by doing it financially in order to support the war. | War Bonds |
| What was the contribution from the American people that allowed the government to use these recycles to build equipment? | Scrap Drives |
| A combination of recycled scrap metals, rubber, tins, and other materials from the public’s contribution to build war related equipment. | Scrap Drives |
| Second generation Japanese American volunteers that made up the U.S. infantry unit, also called Purple Heart Battalion. | 442nd Infantry |
| What was the infantry unit that was a way for Japanese Americans to show their loyalty for the United States? | 442nd Infantry |
| Invasion of French North Africa by Anglo American commanded by General Esienhower. | Operation Torch |
| Securing bridgeheads for openings to access a second front to the rear German and Italian forces by invading French North Africa. | Operation Torch |
| Who was the Former Prime minister of Italy that founded and led the National Facist Party? | Benito Mussolini |
| Who established relations with Hilter and organized a paramilitary unit known as the “Black Shirts”? | Benito Mussolini |
| What was the battle between the Allied and German forces for control of the Atlantic Ocean? | Battle of the Atlantic |
| What battle involved the Atlantic sea route which gave supplies to the allies in order to defeat the British? | Battle of the Atlantic |
| The was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany called? | Wehrmacht |
| The Heer, the Kriegsmarine, and the Luftwaffe are part of the | Wehrmacht |
| The major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army is also known as | Royal Air Force |
| What did the US use to counter Nazi Germany from the air? | Royal Air Force |
| What was the code name for the battle of Normandy? | Operation Overlord |
| What event took place when the allied forces invaded Germany? | Operation Overlord |
| 1. The Nazi regime’s genocidal effort to eradicate Europe’s Jewish population is also known as _____? | Holocaust |
| What was the mass murder during WWII enforced by Hitler? | Holocaust |
| What did the Nazi’s use to exterminate Jews? | Labor Camps |
| Where were the prisoners the Nazi’s excluded from society held? | Labor Camps |
| What crime describes the slaughter of millions of Jews and millions of other “undesirable” humans during the Holocaust in Germany? | Genocide |
| The establishment of concentration camps, the use of gas chambers, execution, and the concept of “working to death”, are all actions taken during _______. | Genocide |
| What construction occurred to accommodate the Nazi’s plan to annihilate all Jewish people in their “Final Solution”? | Auschwitz, Treblinka, and Majdanek |
| What 3 main killing centers were located in Poland to carry out the mass murder of human beings in 1940’s. | Auschwitz, Treblinka, and Majdanek |
| What would the Soviet Union and Troops be referred to as for freeing Germany and Poland from the Nazi and their imprisonment? | Liberators |
| What is this group of people called who freed those in Nazi concentration camps that Hitler and the Nazi managed? | Liberators |
| What were these group of minorities called after refusing to prove their loyalty to the United States and enlist in the war after being seperated due to racism and xenophobia. | No no Boys |
| Following the Pearl Harbor attacks from Japan, who did the United States put into camps and try to enforce enlistment into World War II, but refused? | No no Boys |
| Popular aviator Charles Lindbergh promoted the idea of isolationism through his speech called | America First |
| What is the idea of isolationism and promotion of anti-war that created a committee which campaigned against US involvement in World War II called? | America First |
| Which holocaust survior famously wrote his experiences at the concentration camp called Aushwitz? | Elie Weisel |
| Who wrote Night, which recalled his experiences and memories of living in a concentration camp in 1940’s during the Holocaust? | Elie Weisel |
| The Germans mainly used the__ for long range explosions. | V-2’s |
| The leaders who attended the __to represent each power were Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Joseph St | Yalta Conference |
| The main treaties or negotiations that happened in order for this day to occur were __. | V-E |
| They chose the Dresdon to bomb specifically because __. | Dresden and Tokyo |
| This battle reinforced the Allies’ control over the Pacific by __. | Battle of Leyte Gulf |
| A military campaign between the US marines and the Imperial Army of Japan in early 1945. | Battle of Iwo Jima |
| A battle in which American forces invaded the island on February 19, 1945, which lasted 5 weeks. | Battle of Iwo Jima |
| The Japanese deployed these bombers against American warships. | Kamikaze |
| The idea of this decision was to employ suicide bombers against the American fleet at Leyete, and island of the Philippines. | Kamikaze |
| A code name for the American-led effort to develop a functional atomic weapon during WWII. | Manhattan Project |
| This idea was started in response to fears that German scientists had been working on a weapon using nuclear technology since the 1930s, and that Hitler was prepared to use it. | Manhattan Project |
| The B-29 bomber that was used by the US on August 6th, 1945, to drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. | Enola Gay |
| The aircraft was named after the mother of pilot Paul Warfield and was the first time the explosive device had been used on an enemy target. | Enola Gay |
| A major event where an American B-29 bomber dropped the worlds first deployed atomic bomb over the japenese city of _____ | Hiroshima |
| This explosion immediately killed an estimated 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would die due to radiation exposure. | Hiroshima |
| The second B-29 that dropped another A bomb on _____ killing an estimated 40,000. | Nagasaki |
| Japan’s Emperor Hirohito announced his country's unconditional surrender in WWII in a radio address on August 15, citing the devastating power of “a new and most cruel bomb.” | Nagasaki |
| Wrote to U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt to warn him that the Nazis were working on a new and powerful weapon: an atomic bomb | Albert Einstein |
| Victory Over Japan day is also known as | V‐J Day |
| The official celebration in the United States on the day formal surrender documents were signed aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay is called | V‐J Day |
| Normandy Landings is also known as | June 6, 1944 |
| The event that took place on June 6, 1944 Led by Eisenhower where millions of troops stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France is called | June 6, 1944 |
| Hiroshima Bombing occured on | Aug 6, 1945 |
| The event that occured in the city of Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb took place on | Aug 6, 1945 |
| The second atomic that dropped in Japan by the United States occurred on | Aug 9, 1945 |
| United States dropped a second atomic bomb on Japan, Nagasaki that resulted in Japan’s surrender. | Aug 9, 1945 |
| The Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii destroyed 18 U.S. ships and 200 aircraft occurred on | Dec 7, 1941 |
| The day Pearl Harbor was attacked by the Japanese. | Dec 7, 1941 |
| this weapon could land hundreds of heavy infantry when scattered over vast areas | Glider troops |
| this weapon would always would often get destroyed when landing during missions | Glider troops |
| Hitler broke this agreement occupying the rest of Czechoslovakia. | Appeasement |
| This agreement resulted in Germany invading Poland and Britain going to war | Appeasement |
| These laws were ratified by the U.S government between 1935 and 1939 | Neutrality Acts |
| These series of laws prevented the United States from becoming involved in foreign wars/affairs | Neutrality Acts |
| allied countries received help during ww2 when Nazi Germany was defeated and the allies were required immediately to pay for U.S goods and move them out of U.S territory on their ships | Cash and Carry |
| this agreement was made by FDR in September 1940 | Bases for destroyers |
| this act gave ninety‐nine‐year leases to seven British air and naval bases in the western hemisphere | Bases for destroyers |
| This act was created to demonstrate American and British solidarity in the face of German aggression. | Atlantic Charter |
| This act defined the Allies' shared ethics and goals for a post-war world | Atlantic Charter |
| a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939. | Spanish Civil War |
| the common name of the French State headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. | Vichy France |
| The World War II alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan | Axis Powers |
| Political allies during WW1 consisting primarily of Great Britain, Russia, and France. Italy then joined in 1915 and the U.S. in 1917 | Allies |
| 1940 Mutual agreement between Japan, Germany, and Italy | Tripartite Pact |
| a treaty between two or more states/countries that includes a promise by the signatories not to engage in military action against each other. | Non Aggression Pact |
| Germany invades Poland | Sept. 1, 1939 |
| Who worked with director Frank Capra's Signal Corp | Theodor Seuss "Ted" Geisel |
| Who was an animated training films, booklets, and documentaries | Theodor Seuss "Ted" Geisel |
| What was created to help people threatened with murder by Nazi? | War Refugees Board |
| Helped European Jews | War Refugees Board |
| Boat carried over 900 Jewish | St. Louis (boat) |
| What boat tried to dock at in Canada | St. Louis (boat) |
| Purpose was to win agreement on measures to fight global depression | London Conference |
| International economic conference,meeting of representatives of 66 nations | London Conference |
| In 1941 the U.S. Congress passed a new program to aid Britain called | Lend-Lease Act |
| Allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S. | Lend-Lease Act |
| They supported the war effort by producing more war supplies, rationed, women worked in factories, many people enlisted in the army, and they grew food | Home Front |
| The efforts by many that were home in the U.S. to support the war effort. | Home Front |
| What term did WW2 break out | Third Term |
| Giuseppe Zangara assanationed FDR in what term | Fourth Term |
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