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SS Exam
For SS Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cataract | Dangerous, fast-moving waters |
| delta | A fan-shaped area of marshy land near where a river flows into the sea |
| dynasty | A line of rulers from one family |
| hieroglyphics | A writing system made up of picture and sounds symbols |
| papyrus | A reed plant that grows along the Nile River. |
| Describe the importance of the Nile River to Egyptians. | The river’s overflow carried rich soil to its banks; the river was the drinking and bathing water source; crops could grow near the river. Cataracts kept out invaders. Marshy delta kept out enemies. |
| How did the ancient Egyptians depend on the Nile River to grow their crops? | The Nile provided fertile soil for farming. |
| How did Egypt become united? | King Narmer united lower and upper Egypt. |
| How did the flooding of major rivers affect both the Mesopotamians and the Egyptians? | The Mesopotamians could not predict or control the flooding of their rivers, and as a result, property and lives were often lost. The floods in Egypt were regular and predictable, so people could plan their lives around them. |
| How was ancient Egypt governed? | Governed by a dynasty - a family of rulers. |
| What ways did religion affect life in ancient Egypt? | Egyptians thought they could not grow crops without help from the gods. Egyptians thought that even after the pharaohs died they protected Egypt after death, so they helped their bodies travel through the afterlife. |
| Why did the Egyptians build the pyramids? | Egyptians built pyramids, or large triangle-shaped tombs, to hold the bodies of the pharaohs. |
| How was Egyptian society organized? | Ruler, upper class, middle class, lower class |
| Why was the Middle Kingdom a “golden age” for Egypt? | During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt gained land and wealth. When Egyptians conquered other lands, those conquered were required to pay tributes(taxes) to Egypt. Farmlands improved effectiveness and irrigation systems used to handle flooding of the Nile. |
| Why was the Middle Kingdom a “golden age” for Egypt? pt.2 | ...Trade interested during this time. Egyptian arts flourished too during the “golden age”, mostly from painting and sculpting. |
| What were the accomplishments of: Ahmose, Hateshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep IV, Tut, Ramses II | Ahmose drove the Hyksos out of Egypt. 2. Hatshepsut was the first woman ruler of Egypt. She expanded Egypt through trade 3. Thutmose III expanded Egypt through war. 4. Amenhotep IV created a new religion. |
| What were the accomplishments of: Ahmose, Hateshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep IV, Tut, Ramses II pt.2 | ...5. Tutankhamen restored the old religion. He died young. 6. Ramses II built the Temple at Karnak. He made peace with the Hittites. |
| Why did the Egyptian empire decline in the late 1200s bce? | Following the reign of Ramses II, a series of pharaohs fought costly wars. Armies from the eastern Mediterranean attacked Egypt. Then a number of other peoples - the Libyans, the Kushites, and the Assyrians - conquered Egypt. |
| subcontinent | a large landmass that is smaller than a continent |
| monsoon | Seasonal winds |
| Sanskrit | First written language of India |
| Vedas | Ancient sacred writing of India |
| raja | An Indian prince |
| guru | A teacher |
| Hinduism | Major religion that developed in ancient India; main belief; all souls are part of one universal spirit. |
| Brahman | The universal spirit worshipped by Hindus |
| reincarnation | The idea that the soul is reborn into many different lives |
| dharma | A person’s personal duty, based on the individual’s place in society |
| karma | A god or bad force created by a person’s actions; it determines whether a person’s soul will be reborn into a higher or lower form of life. |
| Buddhism | Religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, main belief: inner peace comes from ending desire. |
| nirvana | A state of perfect happiness that is achieved after giving up all desires. |
| Jainism | Religion that does not believe in a supreme being; it emphasizes nonviolence and respect for all living things |
| How did physical geography and climate influence the development of civilization in India? | Civilizations grew around the Indus River valley where crops grew in the rich soil. India’s climate, or usual weather, has monsoons, or strong winds. The winter monsoon blows in cold, dry air from the mountains. |
| How did physical geography and climate influence the development of civilization in India? pt.2 | ... The summer monsoon brings warm, wet air from the Arabian Sea. Summer monsoons bring the rainy season. If the rain comes in time, the crops will be good. |
| How did physical geography and climate influence the development of civilization in India? pt.3 | ...If the rains are late, then there may be a drought, or a long dry period that can ruin crops. |
| The two oldest civilized towns excavated in ancient India were the town of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. What was found in these towns by archealogists? | Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were large cities with populations of about 35,000 people each. The cities had large streets paved with bricks and smaller, unpaved side streets. A fortress was built to protect the people. |
| The two oldest civilized towns excavated in ancient India were the town of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. What was found in these towns by archealogists? pt.2 | ...Houses were built with oven-baked bricks made of mud. The houses had flat roofs, enclosed courtyards, wells, and indoor bathrooms. |
| The two oldest civilized towns excavated in ancient India were the town of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. What was found in these towns by archealogists? pt.3 | ...Pipes took wastewater to pits outside the city walls. Houses also had garbage chutes that led to bins in the streets |
| What came about during the Aryan civilization? | nomads became farmers • made up of groups who spoke similar languages • made iron tools • developed language of Sanskrit • lived in groups ruled by rajas |
| List important aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization and the Aryan Civilization | developed the varna system 2. used mud bricks to make buildings 3. grew rice, wheat, and barley 4. used the Sanskrit language 5. built large cities with paved streets |
| List important aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization and the Aryan Civilization pt.2 | Aryan Civilization: • The Aryans settled in the Indus River valley beginning in 1500 b.c. • started as nomads; good warriors, expert horse riders, and hunters • eventually settled and became farmers; small kingdoms ruled |
| Explain the religious cycle of Hinduism. | Hindus believe that the soul goes through reincarnation. A person is born into a jati. If they follow the dharma of their jati, they make good karma and the cycle starts again. |
| Hindus believe their soul will eventually join Brahman. How? | By following their dharma and having good karma. |
| Why do Buddhists follow the Eightfold Path? | To reach nirvana. |
| Contrast Hinduism, Buddhim, and Jainism. | Hinduism: One of oldest religions in world; Aryan religion included gods who ruled different parts of nature; Aryan religion combined with ideas from other Indians to form Hinduism |
| Contrast Hinduism, Buddhim, and Jainism. pt.2 | Buddhism: Through meditation, Prince Siddhartha Gautama searched for answers as to why people suffered; he spent his life teaching people what he had discovered, which were the lessons of Buddhism |
| Contrast Hinduism, Buddhim, and Jainism. pt.3 | Jainism: No one knows exactly how it started; main teacher was Mahavira; similar to Buddhism; main teaching is to never harm any living thing |
| Compare and contrast the Mauyan and Gupta Empires. | Mauryan Empire: • the Mauryan dynasty began in 321 b.c. • Chandra Gupta set up a well-organized government in the capital city of Pataliputra; built strong army; spy system |
| Compare and contrast the Mauyan and Gupta Empires. pt.2 | Gupta Empire: • founded in 320 a.d. by a ruler also named Chandra Gupta; ruled from old capital |
| Compare and contrast the Mauyan and Gupta Empires. pt.3 | Both: • both were founded by rulers named Chandra Gupta • they developed road systems and traded • built temples • artists, builders, scientists, and writers were respected and a part of both empires |
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Sugarrey1
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