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World History
Midterm review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Salon | A gathering of people held by an inspiring host |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | an english writer,philosopher, and advocate of women's rights |
| Borgesosise | the middle class, typically about it's materialistic value |
| Guerrilla Warfare | a type of warfare fought by irregulars in fast moving, small - scale actions against military and police |
| Napoleonic Code | made the authority of men over their families stronger |
| Marquis de Lafayette | a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War |
| Philosophe | the intellectuals of the 18th-century Enlightenment |
| Ancient regime | political and social system of the Kingdom of France |
| Guillotine | a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people. |
| What were John Locke’s beliefs? | All people are given natural rights to life, liberty, and property |
| What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man say? | Men are born and remain free and equal in rights” (Article 1) |
| Who was Robespierre? What was his role in the French revolution? | He was the leader of the radical Jacobins. He was known as "the Incorruptible" and he was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety. |
| What were the 3 estates of French society and who made up each estate? | clergy (the First Estate), nobility (the Second Estate), and commoners (the Third Estate). |
| Why did the people of Paris storm the Bastille? | To get ammunition and arms |
| What factors allowed Britain to become a global power during the Industrial Revolution? | The new inventions, access to raw materials, trade routes and partners, social changes, and a stable government. |
| Why was coal important to the Industrial Revolution? | it provided an efficient fuel for reliably turning iron ore into iron |
| What role did women play in the Industrial revolution? | caretaker |
| What was life like in the cities during the industrial revolution? | It was packed full of people and was very unsanitary. |
| What did Darwin’s theory of natural Selection say? | In the theory of natural selection, organisms produce more offspring than can survive in their environment |
| Turnpike | a spiked barrier fixed in or across a road or passage as a defense against sudden attack |
| Urban renewal- | clearing out of blighted areas in inner cities |
| Tenement | sort of like an apartment building full of small rooms |
| Urbanization | To move away from the farm/rural lifestyle to the cities |
| Louis Pasteur | renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization. |
| Claude Monet | a French painter and founder of impressionist painting |
| Ludwig van Beethoven | a classical composer, known for many pieces |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Stock | shares into which ownership of a corporation or company is divided |
| Temperance movement | a movement dedicated to promoting moderation and, more often, complete abstinence in the use of intoxicating liquor |
| Guiseppe Garibaldi | leader of the Italian unification |
| Otto Von Bismark’s Kulturkamp | a policy designed to make Catholics more loyal to Germany and less loyal to the catholic church. |
| manifest destiny | the belief that the U.S. should expand across the continent |
| what was the Sepoy Rebellion? | Widespread rebellion against British rule in India begun by Indian troops |
| Know the causes of WWI- M-A-N-I-A- | Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Assassination. |
| Who ruled Bosnia before WWI? | Ottoman Empire |
| What did the Versailles treaty do to Germany? | forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame for World War I. |
| How did advancements in technology and weaponry change the way war was fought? | (poison gas, tanks, machine guns, etc)- caused the infamous trench warfare to happen. |
| Why did Germany have to fight a war on two fronts? | It wanted to defeat France, Russia's ally, quickly, |
| What caused Russia’s revolution in 1917? | Economically, widespread inflation and food shortages in Russia |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact- | an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928. |
| Why was the United Nations created? | 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security. |
| Dardanelles- | a narrow 60-mile-long strip of water that divides Europe from Asia, |
| Propaganda | information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. |
| Reparations | are understood as compensation given for abuse or injury. |
| Militarism | the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests |
| Neutrality | the state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement |
| Fourteen points- | statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations to end World War I |
| Total war- | a type of rigid airship |
| Zeppelins- | a type of rigid airship |
| Louis Pasteur | a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination |
| Claude Monet- | a French painter and founder of impressionist painting who is seen as a key precursor to modernism |
| Ludwig van Beethoven | Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; |
| Why did Italians support Mussolini and fascism? | the desire to restore and expand Italian territories |
| Blackshirts | originally the paramilitary wing of the Italian National Fascist Party. |
| What was the purpose of Stalin’s 5-year plans? | it was designed to industrialize the USSR in the shortest possible time and, in the process, to expedite the collectivization of farms. |
| Flappers | young women known for their energetic freedom, embracing a lifestyle viewed by many at the time as outrageous, immoral, or downright dangerous |
| How did Hitler come to power in Germany? | Hitler attained power in March 1933 after the Reichstag adopted the Enabling Act of 1933, granting him expanded authority. |
| Totalitarian state- | a form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties |
| Fascism | a system of government led by a dictator |
| Gestapo | the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. |
| Communism | a socioeconomic order structured upon the ideas of common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and the state |
| Kulaks | a wealthy or prosperous peasant |
| Surrealism | -a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War 1 |
| Gulag | a system of forced labor camps established during Joseph Stalin's long reign |
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