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India vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Subcontinent | a large piece of land that is smaller than a continent, usually separated by geographical features |
| Himalayas | Protect ancient people from invaders, has the highest mountain in the world (Mt. Everest) |
| Indus River | Home to India’s first river valley civilization |
| Ganges River | India’s holy river that is considered a goddess |
| Monsoons | Seasonal winds, Summer → winds from Indian Ocean→ Wet season, Winter→ winds from mountains→ Dry season |
| Harappan/Indus Valley Civilization | India’s first civilization, largest river-valley civilization. It was doing well because of the Indus River and arable land. organized a government and cities. It’s fall is unknown due to language, but we think it fell due to natural disasters. |
| Cities of Harappa & Mohenjo Daro | They are “twin cities” |
| Ancient Aryans | India’s main group. It’s reign was from 2000-1000 BCE. From the Caucus Mountains to the Caspian Sea. Families lived in independent villages with Rajas as their leader. It fell because the Aryans taveled to different parts of the world. |
| Sanskrit | Root of Indo, European language |
| Raja | Independent villages leaders |
| Vedas | Collection of writings of HInduism |
| Varna → Caste System | The system that split up classes into different jobs and added additional jobs. |
| Brahmins | Priests, teachers |
| Kshatriyas | Rulers, warriors |
| Vaisyas | Farmers, craftspeople, traders |
| Sudras | Workers, servants, foreigners |
| Untouchables/Harijan | Do the unskilled work, were discriminated against |
| Social Mobility | When you can marry or get a job outside of your own class |
| Brahmanism → Hinduism | It was first described in the Vedas as Brahmanism. Is a polytheistic religion. |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Brahma | Creator |
| Vishnu | Preserver |
| Shiva | Destroyer/ Rebuilder |
| Atman | Person’s essential’s self (soul) |
| Brahman | Supreme force (soul) of the universe |
| Reincarnation | The soul’s multiple rebirth |
| Dharma | Duties and tasks |
| Kharma | Effect of dharma |
| Moksha | Goal for one’s soul to unite with Brahman for salvation |
| Jainism | Was created in 599 BC in India, was founded by Mahavira. Do not believe in gods but are more concerned about one’s soul. They are non- violent |
| Ahimsa | Non violent |
| Sikhism | Believes in one god, and caste system, is a combination of Islam and Hinduism |
| Combination Religion | Sikhism |
| Siddhartha Guatama/The Buddha | Was born as a Hindu prince, is like the main leader of Buddhism. |
| Fasting | Not eating for a period of time |
| Meditation | When one is in a peaceful state |
| Nirvana | Goal, when you’re at peace. |
| 4 Noble Truths | 1. Life= suffering, 2. Desire for pleasure and materialism= suffering , 3. Renounce/ Rid desires help people to, Attain nirvana, and end recourination, 4. Follow the 8 fold path. |
| Eightfold Path | Thought, Intent, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. |
| The Middle Way | Is between luxury and self denial |
| Theravada | Think of Buddha as a teacher, strict adherence to teachings |
| Mahayana | Think of Buddha as a god-like, interprets teachings |
| Missionaries | People who help spread religion, that is their mission |
| Mauryan Empire | 320 BC- 185 BC, Buddhism, Practiced non- violence, expanded territory, were prosperous, fell after Ashoka died followed by division and warfare. |
| Candragupta Maurya | Got control of the northern part of India |
| Ashoka | Candragupta’s grandson, encouraged Buddihsm and made the empire prosperous |
| Gupta Empire | 320 AD- 500 BCE, Hinduism and Caste system, expanded territory, reunited India, was the “Golden Age”, invented Hindu- Arabic Numerals, fell in 500 BC. |
| Candragupta I | United India |
| Candragupta II | Encouraged Caste System, made India more prosperous |
| Stupas | Buildings with domed roofs and have things that were the Buddah’s |
| Hindu Text | Mahabharata, Ramayana |
| Hindu-Arabic Numerals | Gupta Empire invented it, it invented the concept of 0 and decimal system 1-9 |
Created by:
27mrendell
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