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American Government
Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| House of Burgesses | Assembly of elected representatives that met from 1643 to 1776. |
| Parts of the Declaration of Independence | The Preamble, Declaration of Rights, Bill of Indictment, and A Statement of Independence. |
| From where does the power come from stated in the Declaration of Independence? | "Deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed" |
| Legislative Branch | Made up of the House and the Senate, the Legislative Branch makes laws, declares war, impeaches and tries federal officers, oversee the economy, ect. |
| Why did Federalist agree to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution? | Because of promises to add amendments protecting individual liberties. |
| U.S. Constitution v. Articles of Confederation | The Articles of Confederation are the rules that were agreed upon by the U.S. in the 18th century. |
| Differences between the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists | The Federalists wanted a strong government and strong executive branch, while the anti-Federalists wanted a weaker central government. |
| A major reason why the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution | The founding father worried that trying to spell out all of Americans' rights in the series of amendments could be inherently limiting. |
| “Father of the Constitution” | James Madison |
| Checks and Balances ( 2 questions) | Checks and Balances are limits and controls limits imposed on all branches of a government by giving each branch of government the right to amend or void certain acts of other the branches. |
| First Amendment | The First Amendment guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition. |
| Where did the Anti-Federalists believe the power was given in the original draft of the Constitution? | The Anti-Federalists believed the Constitution granted too much power to the federal courts, at the expense of the state and local courts. |
| Federalists beliefs on the Constitution | The Federalists did not want a bill of rights —they thought the new constitution was sufficient. |
| Election of 1800 | The election was a political realignment that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican leadership. |
| Veto | A veto is the power to unilaterally stop an official action, especially the enactment of legislation. |
| Judicial Review | Review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. |
| What court case established Judicial Review | Marbury v. Madison |
| Central idea of democracy | Democracy is government in which power and civic responsibility are exercised by all adult citi-zens, directly, or through their freely elected rep- resentatives. |
| According to the Declaration of Independence, from where should the government derive their legitimacy? | "their just powers from the consent of the governed" |
| One goal of the American Revolution | The colonists wanted to be independent from Britain. |
| Know what the 14th, 15th, and 19th amendments were all about. (2 questions) | 14th Amendment: Grants citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and enslaved people. 15th Amendment: No one shall be denied by the color of their skin or race. 19th Amendment: No one shall be denied to vote based off sex. |
| Political Machines | A political machine is a political group in which an authoritative leader or small group command the support of a corps of supporters and businesses who receive patronage as reward for their efforts. |
| Reapportionment of the Constitution | “Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed." |
| The concept in the opening words of the Preamble | The opening words of the Preamble state the source of power to enact the Constitution, the broad ends to which the Constitution is ordained and established, and the authors' intent for the Constitution to be a legal instrument of lasting Posterity. |
| Procedures for a president to be removed from office | Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. |
| Pocketbook Vote | In classic pocketbook voting, voters punish the incumbent for a declining economy. |
| Marbury v. Madison | This court case established the principle of judicial review. |
| Roe v. Wade | The Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States protects a pregnant woman's liberty to choose to have an abortion without excessive government restriction. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | This court case made the decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. |
| McCulloch v Maryland | This court case resulted in the decision that established the supremacy of the Constitution, the expansion of Congress' powers beyond those enumerated, and the inferior status of state laws in relation to federal laws. |
| Cloture Motion | A cloture motion "to bring to a close the debate on any measure, motion or other matter pending before the Senate, or the unfinished business" must be signed by at least sixteen Senators. |
| Formal qualifications to run for President and/or Congress | A natural born citizen (U.S. citizen from birth) At least 35 years old and. A U.S. resident (permanently lives in the U.S.) for at least 14 years. |
| Due Process | Due process is a requirement that legal matters be resolved according to established rules and principles, and that individuals be treated fairly. Due process applies to both civil and criminal matters. |
| How many amendments are in the Constitution today? | 27 |
| What are the Bill of Rights? | The Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments in the Constitution. |
| Double Jeopardy | The prosecution of a person twice for the same offense. |
| Refugees v. illegal aliens | Permanent Resident Alien: A person that enters the country with an immigrant visa or adjusts his status after entering as a nonimmigrant, refugee, or asylee. Unlike asylees, refugees apply for and receive this status prior to entry into the U.S. |
| Biggest entitlement program | Social Security |
| Magna Carta | A document in England that limited the king's powers. |
| Progressive Tax v. Flat Tax | Progressive tax systems have tiered tax rates that charge higher income individuals higher percentages of their income and offer the lowest rates to those with the lowest incomes. Flat tax plans generally assign one tax rate to all taxpayers. |
| What do Article I, II, and III establish in the Constitution | The first three articles establish the three branches of government and their powers. |
| What did the framers of the Constitution intend to establish? | The framers wanted to form a government that did not allow one person to have too much authority or control. |
| Establishment Clause | The clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress. |
| Federalism | Federalism is a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government. |
| Steps for an amendment to be adopted | Proposal, Ratify, and Repeal if necessary. |
| Articles of Confederation | The Articles of Confederation served as the written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain. |
| Civic Duty v. Jury Duty (2 questions) | Jury service is a civic duty and an honored privilege bestowed upon ordinary citizens. We are accountable through our participation in jury service. |
| Who is responsible for forming the boundaries of the US congressional districts? | Boundaries are established by the states based on the result of the 2000 Census. |
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Nathan81379
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