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NERV: Dx & TX
Nervous system diagnosis and treatments.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| MRI & CT | Used to study structures of brain & spinal cord |
| functional MRI | detects changes in blood flow in the brain when the patient is asked to perform a specific task |
| carotid ultrasound | US of carotid artery to visualize it. Look for blockage (indicating potential future stroke), evaluate placement of stent, |
| echoencephalography | the use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | Process of recording electrical activity of the brain through use of electrodes attached to scalp. |
| lumbar puncture (LP) | the process of inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar spine to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for analysis |
| hypnotic | agent that induces sleep |
| Anticonvulsants | administered to prevent seizures |
| barbiturates | drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety |
| sedative | depresses the central nervous system to produce calm and diminished responsiveness without producing sleep |
| anesthesia | absence of normal sensation, especially sensitivity to pain, that is induced by administration of anesthetic agent |
| anesthetic | Medication that produces temporary loss of feeling or sensation |
| epidural anesthesia | regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine |
| general anesthesia | involves the total loss of body sensation and consciousness induced by anesthetic agents administered primarily by inhalation or intravenous injection |
| local anesthesia | causes the loss of sensation in a limited area by injecting an anesthetic solution near that area |
| topical anesthesia | numbs only the tissue surface and is applied as a liquid, ointment, or spray |
| deep brain stimulation (DBS) | Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior. Used for tremors and Parkinson's disease. |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | A treatment that involves inducing a mild seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain. Used in an attempt to reverse certain symptoms of mental illness. |
| lobectomy | surgical removal of a portion of the brain to treat brain cancer or seizure disorders that cannot be controlled with medication |
| anesthesiologist | a physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents before and during surgery |
| neurologist | A physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of disease of the nervous system. |
| neurosurgeon | a physician who specializes in surgery of the nervous system |
| psychiatrist | A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. Can prescribe medication. |
| psychologist | A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology. Not a medical doctor, thus cannot prescribe medication. |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) | a treatment that involves placing a powerful pulsed magnet over a person's scalp, which alters neuronal activity in the brain |
| Electromyography (EMG) | utilizes electrodes taped to the skin to measure the transfer of electrical signals in peripheral nerves to the muscles |
| antipsychotic drugs | administered to treat symptoms of severe disorders of thinking and mood that are associated with neurological and psychiatric illnesses |
| mood stabilizing drugs | used to treat mood instability and bipolar disorders; an example is lithium |
| stimulant | Works by increasing activity in certain areas of the brain to increase concentration and wakefulness. Effective in tx ADHD and narcolepsy. |
| cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | Focuses on changing thoughts that are affecting a person's emotions and actions. These are identified and then are challenged through logic, gathering evidence, testing in action, or a combination of these. The goal is to change problematic beliefs. |
| Psychoanalysis | Based on the idea that mental disorders have underlying causes stemming from childhood and can only be overcome by gaining insight into one's feelings and patterns of behavior |
| hypnotherapy | The use of hypnosis to produce an altered state of focused attention in which the patient may be more willing to believe and act on suggestions |
| shunt | tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid |
Created by:
jfoote
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