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krodriguezSS4
Chapter 4 Vocabulary and comprehension questions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Subcontinent | a large landmass that juts out from a continent |
| Monsoon | a strong wind that blows across East Asia at certain times of the year |
| Citadel | a fortress in a city |
| Migrate | to move from one place to settle in another area |
| Caste | a social class of people |
| Describe the geography of the Indus and Ganges River Valleys | The Indus and Ganges river valleys were both created by rivers that start in the Himalayas and flow across rich plains. |
| How do the monsoons affect india and its climate? | Summer monsoons produce wet summers and bring water to crops. They can also cause flooding. Winter monsoons produce dry winters. |
| How did geography influence the building of Mohenjo-Daro? | The city had to be built on high ground in order to avoid flooding from the Indus River. |
| How was Mohenjo-Daro similar to modern cities? | Modern cities have waste drainage systems, shops and busy streets |
| Who were the Aryans? | People who migrated from central Asia to the Indus valley between about 2000 and 1500BC. |
| How was it possible for the Aryans to spread their influence over the Indus and Ganges river valleys so successfully? | The Aryan’s horse-drawn chariots scared the local people and helped Aryans gain power. |
| Brahman | a single spiritual power that Hindus believe lives in everything |
| Avatar | a representation of a Hindu god or goddess in human or animal form |
| Reincarnation | the rebirth of the soul in the body of another living being |
| Dharma | the religious and moral duties of Hindus |
| Ahimsa | the Hindu idea of nonviolence |
| How did the early Aryan religion grow into Hinduism? | As Aryan culture blended with India’s pre existing cultures, new ideas and beliefs formed and led to the development of Hinduism. |
| How is Hinduism different from other religions you have learned about? How is it similar? | Hinduism is different from Judaism because Hindus worship several gods and Jews worship one god. It is similar to the religion of ancient Egypt because more than one god is worshipped in both religions. |
| What is the relationship between good and bad behavior and the Hindu idea of reincarnation? | In Hinduism, good behavior results in reincarnation into higher status or unity with brahman. Bad behavior results in being reincarnated into a lower social class or into an animal. |
| What does “Escaping the cycle of birth and death” mean to Hindus? | To Hindus it means reuniting one’s spirit with brahman. |
| In what ways do Hindus practice their faith? | They practice various forms of yoga and worship in temples and at home. |
| How do you think the yogas bring Hindus closer to Brahman? | Practicing yoga helps Hindus lead a more perfect life which may help their soul become one with brahman. |
| Meditate | to focus the mind inward in order to find spiritual awareness or relaxation |
| Nirvana | the lasting peace that Buddhists seek by giving up selfish desires |
| Missionary | a person who spreads his or her religious beliefs to others |
| Who was Siddhartha Gautama? | Siddhartha Gautama was a seeker of the meaning of life. He shared his knowledge with others and became the founder of Buddhism. |
| Why did Siddhartha Gautama look for the cause of human suffering? | He had lived a sheltered life, but once he witnessed the pain and suffering of life, he decided to find the answer to such misery. |
| According to Buddhism, how is human suffering connected to human desires? | Selfish desires cause human suffering. |
| What happened to the Buddha’s teachings in India after he died? | The Buddha’s ideas spread across India, but Buddhism eventually died out in the country. |
| What is the relationship between Buddhist and Hindu beliefs? | Buddhism and Hinduism shared some common beliefs. The two religions coexisted in India in ancient times. |
| Why do you think that Buddhism was accepted in so many countries outside of India? | It teaches that all people are equal and that if people follow the Buddha’s path, their suffering will end. |
| Maurya Empire | Indian empire founded by Chandragupta, beginning with his kingdom in northeastern India and spreading to most of northern and central India |
| Convert | to change one’s beliefs; in particular, to change from one religion to another |
| Tolerance | freedom from prejudice |
| How was India governed before the Maurya Empire? | India consisted of separate waring states each with its own rulers. |
| How did Chandragupta build the Maurya Empire? | Chandragupta used his powerful army to conquer kingdoms and build his empire. |
| Chandragupta ruled forcefully and with absolute power, but legend says he ended his life living in poverty as a monk. Do you think this story could be true? Explain. | *OPINION: maybe yes because Chandragupta may have felt he needed to repent for the violence he caused. Maybe no because he would not have wanted to give up all his power. |
| What were some of Asoka’s accomplishments? | Asoka issued writings of moral advice and he established laws that required people to treat each other with humanity. He spread Buddhism by sending out missionaries and united India. |
| Why is the time of the Maurya Empire considered a golden age in India? | The economy of the empire flourished and the people were united. |
| How did Buddhism influence Asoka’s rule of the empire? | Asoka ruled using the teachings of Buddhism. He encouraged people to treat each other well, discouraged violence and united the people of India. |
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krodriguez24
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