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Egypt

TermDefinition
hieroglyphics writing that uses pictures for sounds, words and ideas; used to record religious events
papyrus reed plant that was dried and woven to create sheets; improved communication and record keeping
pyramids largest stone structures in the world; a square base with triangular sides that come to a point; tombs for rulers to reach afterlife
mummification preserving the body after death; rulers believed they needed their bodies in the afterlife
irrigation waterways (dams, reservoirs & canals) built using dirt and mud; able to control the flooding
kemet fresh soil deposited by the river
shaduf a container attached to a lever and balanced by stones; allowed them to move buckets of water quicker and easier
sail boats & barges first made of bundle of reeds; later made of wood planks; made travel easier; forced cultural diversity
cultural diversity blending of ideas
calendar created based on the night sky; 365 day calendar into 3 seasons; used to predict when river would flood
inundation flood season; start of the new year
emergence growing season
harvest gathering season
Why Nile River was important provided rich soil that allowed growth of crops; easy travel to other lands for trade; fresh water for animal life
Upper Class Pharaohs, government officials, priests
Middle Class soldiers, scribes, skilled craftsman
Lower Class peasant farmers, workers and slaves (largest population of people were in the lower class)
deity god
afterlife live again after death; rulers mummified themselves to have body in afterlife
dynasty line of rulers from the same family
nation-state region with a united group of people and a single government
prosperity growth and wealth
vizier high government official; chief advisor
cataracts waterfalls
nome district in early Egypt
heir person who inherits property after owner dies
decipher decode
annexing joining of lands to an empire
pharaoh ruler of ancient Egypt; thought to be god in human form
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