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AH CH 11 1-65
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Roosevelt Corollary | Addendum to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the US alone had the right to intervene in domestic affairs of Latin America. |
| 2. Executive Agreement | Similar to a treaty, but binding only during a specific president's ter or office; does not require senate approval. |
| 3. Panama Canal | A canal across Central America connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. |
| 4. USS Nashville | a gunboat whose presence prevented the Colombians from landing troops to put down the rebellion of Panamanians. |
| 5. Open Door Policy | Statement ot US intentions to keep trade in China open to all nations. |
| 6. Port Arthur, Manchuria | City on which Japanese launched a surprise attack on due to Russia's continued successes. |
| 7. Japanese Immigration | A wave of Japanese immigration into the US that took place at the turn of the centry. |
| 8. USS Oregon | A battleship that would steam from San Francisco around Cape Horn to its battle station in the Atlantic. Took 71 days to travel when hostilities broke out in the caribbean. |
| 9. Portsmouth (New Hampshire) Treaty | Treaty between Japan and Russia to mediate a peace settlement arranged by President Roosevelt. |
| 10. Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty | Granted the US a permanent lease to a ten-mile wide canal zone for the original $10 million and $250,000 annual rent for the Panama Canal. |
| 11. Thomas Woodrow Wilson | Was an activist president, but he focused on domestic reform during his first term. When he was turned to foreign affairs, his moralism idealism and inexperience hampered his effectiveness. |
| 12. William Howard Taft | Roosevelt's handpicked successor was passive rather than active and had little interest in foreign affairs. |
| 13. Dollar Diplomacy | Foreign policy that encouraged trade and investments overseas. |
| 14. Missionary Diplomacy | Woodrow Wilson's policy based on the belief that foreign relations should rest on morality and idealism, not power and force. |
| 15. William Jennings Bryan | Secretary of state; held firm convictions about how to conduct foreign policy; outspoken opponent of American imperialism and distrusted balance of power diplomacy. |
| 16. Francisco Madero | Led a revolt that toppled Diaz's government; he called fro genuine representative government, social reform, and decreasing foreign control over Mexico's economy. |
| 17. General Victoriano Huerta | overthrew Mader's government and then murdered Madero only weeks before Wilson took office. |
| 18. Venustiano Carranza | Anti-Huerta forces aside from arms Carranza wanted no help from Wilson. |
| 19. Pancho Villa | revolted against Carranza; Qilson initially considered supporting Willa thinking him a sincere reformer but Jan. 1916 Villa's soldiers murdered 18 US citizens and burned Colombus, NM. |
| 20. General John Pershing | Wilson sent John Pershing and 11,000 US troops to capture or destroy Villa's guerrilla band. Pershing's and Carranza's troops fought two skirmishes in which 40 Mexicans and 12 Americans died. |
| 21. Central Powers | Name given to Germany and Austria-Hungary and their allies during WWI. |
| 22. Allies | Name given to the US and it's allies during WWI. |
| 23. Belligerents | Nations at war with each other. |
| 24. Contraband | Illegal or prohibited goods |
| 25. Luistania | British ship sunk off the coast of Ireland, by a German U-boat, killing over 1,200 people including 128 Americans. The Luistania also carried tons of small arms and munitions bound for England. Exploded and sank rapidly. |
| 26. Sussex | British steamer sunk by Germany which killed 80 people. Wilson threatened to break diplomatic relations with Germany. |
| 27. Zimmerman Telegram | wire that instructed the German ambassador to persuade Mexico to enter into an alliance against the US in exchange for Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. |
| 28. U-boat Warfare | German military decided to renew unrestriced U-boat warfare in order to strangle Britain, and draw the US into the war. |
| 29. Triple Alliance | Germany and Austria-Hungary formed an alliance based on common cultures, enemies, and interests. When Italy joined the partnership became the Triple Alliance. |
| 30. Royal Navy | Nov. 1914 the Royal Navy effectively closed trade by sea with Germany by laying mines in the North Sea. |
| 31. Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) | A woman's club in which Middle and Upper class women who did not work for pay would often redirect their volunteer work toward the war effort. |
| 32. Propaganda | Material deliberately designed to promote public support for or against a project or person. |
| 33. War Industries Board (WIB) | Created by Congress to plan and control all aspects of industrial production; innefective untill Wilson appointed Bernard Baruch as director. |
| 34. Daylight Savings Time | Fuel Administration established Daylight Savings Time to conserve energy use during wartime production. |
| 35. Bernard Baruch | Wall Street financier who became Director of War Industries Board; coordinated the industrial war effort on the home front. |
| 36. Committee on Public Information (CPI) | Conducted massive propaganda campaign by spreading materials deliberately designed to promote public support for the war. |
| 37. Espionage Act | Limited free speech and aimed to curb opposition to the war. Banned sending antigovernment and antiwar materials through the mail. |
| 38. Sedition Act | Forbade anyone to "utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal profane, or abusive language" about the government, constitution, or military uniforms. |
| 39. The 18th Amendment | In 1917, sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited around military bases. When ratified in 1919, it outlawed the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages nationally. |
| 40. Bolsheviks | Members of Lenin's radical Communist Party in Russia. |
| 41. Self-Determination | Belief that ethnic groups of former colonies and conquered territories should be allowed to determine their own futures. |
| 42. Collective Security | Woodrow Wilson's view that countries should form an internations organization to ensure world peace. |
| 43. Reparations | Payments made by defeated nations to the victors for war damages. |
| 44. League of Nations | Now defunct internations organization formed after WWI. |
| 45. Fourteen Points | Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace in Europe that proposed a world order based on collective security. |
| 46. Treaty of Versailles | Was punitive and designed to crush Germany and exclude Soviet Russia from European affairs. Forced Germany to accept responsibility for starting the war and pay huge reparations ($33 million). also stripped Germany of its territories. |
| 47. Henry Cabot Lodge | Foreign Relations Committee Chair. Detested Wilson personally. |
| 48. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Bolsheviks signed separate peace treaty with Germany. Had 2 results, allies decided to intervene in Russia, and hoped to topple the new Bolshevik regime. |
| 49. Sussex Pledge | Germany vowed that it would attack no unresisting belligerent merchant vessel without giving warning and ensuring passenger safety. |
| 50. Food Administration | Controled food production; Directed by Herbert Hoover; sets farm prices high in order to stimulate farm production. |
| 51. Hiram Maxim | American inventor who demonstrated the first fully automatic machine gun in England in 1887. |
| 52. Hay-Herran Treaty | Granted the United States a 99 year lease to a six-mile whide canal zone for a one-time payment of $10 million and $250,000 annual rent. |
| 53. Monroe Doctrine | Landmark of American foreign policy stating US opposition to any foreign power interfering in the Western Hemisphere. |
| 54. Eugene Debs | American socialist; founded the American Railway Union (ARU) in 1893. |
| 55. Kaiser Wilhelm | Ruler of Germany during WWI; was convinced by German military leaders that the war was lost and he should abdicate the throne. |
| 56. Warren G. Harding | Republican who won the election against Wilson and whose election settled the matter with Germany, Austria, and Hungary. |
| 57. U-Boat | Submarines used by Germany in U-boat warfare. |
| 58. Herbert Hoover | 31st president of the United States; led the distribution of food and supplies to war-torn Europe during WWI; became a scapegoat for the depression after the stock market crash of 1929. |
| 59. Dough Boys | 'Doughboys' was the nickname given to the American Expeditionary Force that took part in the later years of World War One. |
| 60. Russo-Japanese War | War between Russia and Japan due to Russia moving agressively to expand its commercial intersets and political influence in China, Manchuria, and Korea. |
| 61. Big Four | Britain, France, Italy, and the United States, the principal WWI allies. |
| 62. Arch Duke Franz Ferdinard | Heir to the throne of the empire of Austria-Hungary whose assination led to the events that plunged Europe into war. |
| 63. Schenck vs. US | Case in which Supreme Court upheld it's actions against the producer of the spirit of '76, ruling that free speech had limits in wartime. |
| 64. The Spirit of '76 | Producer or The Spirit of '76 recieved a 10 year prison term because the film was critical of British soldiers. |
| 65. The Geneva Protocol of 1925 | Banned the use of poison gas after seeing its terrible consequences in WWI. |
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