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Unit 2 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Senate | Represent states equally |
| House of Representatives | Represent entire public of state |
| What public policies are created by Congress? | Passing federal budgets, raising revenue, declaring war and maintaining armed forces, and enacting legislation that addresses various issues |
| Functions of Congress | Originate revenue bills (House), initiate impeachment (House), breaks ties for president in electoral college (House), impeachment trials (Senate), create and pass bills |
| Role of the Speaker of the House | Leader of majority party and only House leadership position listed in Constitution; comments on floor speeches and organizes members for conference committees |
| Role of the President of the Senate | The VP and tie breaker although often the pro tempore fulfills this duty |
| Filibuster | Stalling tactic to slow down or kill a bill (Senate) |
| Cloture | Ends filibuster with 2/3rd vote to stop debate on a bill |
| Role of the Rules Committee | Very powerful, decides what will reach the floor for debate |
| Role of the Committee of the Whole | Includes all members of the House; only 100 members necessary for a vote |
| Discharge Petition | Brings bill to floor (218 signatures brings bill out of committee) |
| Discretionary Spending | Can be debated on how to spend funds |
| Mandatory Spending | Payments are required by law |
| Examples of Mandatory Spending | Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid |
| Example of Discretionary Spending | Military budget |
| Entitlement Programs | Provides benefits to all eligible citizens |
| Examples of Entitlement Programs | Unemployment insurance, disaster relief, disability payments |
| Pork Barrel Legislation | Funds put aside for specific purposes in legislator's district |
| Logrolling Effect | Trading votes to gain support for a bill |
| What influences congressional behavior and governing effectiveness? | Partisanship and divided government |
| Gerrymandering | Drawing district lines to benefit political party |
| Redistricting | Reshaping congressional districts |
| Baker v Carr (1961) | One person, one vote |
| Shaw v Reno (1993) | Race cannot be sole factor in redrawing legislative boundaries |
| "Lame-duck" Presidency | TIme period from election until new president takes office in January |
| Trustee | Entrusted by constituents to use their best judgement |
| Delegate | Trying to reflect will of consituency |
| Politico | Mix of trustee and delegate, votes in a way that makes most sense to them at the time |
| Veto | President does not sign a bill into law |
| Pocket Veto | A bill that is given to president in last 10 days of congress that no action is taken on and bill dies |
| Foreign Policy | Commander in chief and treaties (formal), executive agreements (informal) |
| Executive Order | Official directive from US president that has much of the same power as a law |
| Signing Statements | Explains interpretation of bill when signing into law |
| What formal powers are given to the president? | Veto and pocket veto, commander in chief of military, ability to enter into treaties with other countries with senate approval, and ability to make political appointments |
| What informal powers are given to the president? | Executive agreements, executive orders, and signing statements |
| How does the president justify their use of formal powers? | Justified by Article II of the Constitution |
| How does the president justify their informal powers? | Justified by what is deemed necessary for the office |
| Federalist 70 | Deals with the executive branch (president) |
| Federalist 78 | Deals with the judicial branch (Supreme Court judges) |
| 22nd Amendment | Limits presidential terms |
| Bully Pulpit | Public office or position of authority that provides holder with opportunity to speak out and be listened to on any matter |
| Article III of the Constitution | Establishes judicial branch |
| Marbury v Madison (1803) | Added to checks and balances by establishing judicial review; gives federal courts the ability to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional |
| Stare Decisis | Legal term used when a precedent is used |
| Judicial Activism | Interpretation of Constitution to advocate contemporary values and conditions |
| Judicial Restraint | Court should uphold all acts of Congress and state legislatures unless they violate the Constitution |
| List some federal bureaucracies | DMV, FBI, CDC, Postal Service |
| Iron Triangle | Shows how interest groups, bureaucratic agencies, and Congress interact with each other and get things done in government |
| Power of the purse | Ability to tax and spend public money for national government programs |
Created by:
erynfabro
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