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Ancient India
Study Guide for Chapter 5
| vocabulary | explanation |
|---|---|
| India | subcontinent of Asia south of China and north of the Indian Ocean |
| Indus and Ganges | major rivers of the Indian subcontinent; Indus flows southwest into the Arabian Sea; Ganges flows southeast into the Bay of Bengal |
| dharma | concept requiring a person to do their religious duty based on social status |
| karma | concept of the force generated by a person's actions now that can affect how they'll be reborn in the next life |
| Vedas | ancient Indian religious hymns, rituals, and stories passed down orally by Aryan priests before being written in Sanskrit |
| nirvana | ultimate reality is the end of all suffering; an awareness of the end of self and the reunion with the Great World Soul |
| Silk Road | a network of major trade routes between Europe and Asia that helped spread Buddhism to China |
| reincarnation | rebirth of a person's soul in a different form after death |
| Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism; the Buddha |
| Himalayas | natural barrier between India and China; highest mountain range in the world |
| stupas | buildings that held religious relics in ancient India |
| Sanskrit | language from ancient India |
| caste system | rigid social hierarchy of ancient India that determined a person's job and social status; it evolved from the four varnas that divided ancient Indian society |
| moksha | release from the cycle of rebirth in Hinduism |
| Asoka (also spelled Ashoka) | brutal Mauryan emperor who converted to Buddhism and improved the welfare of people in India |
| Golden Age | a period of prosperity during the Gupta empire of ancient India |
| yoga | training associated with Hinduism that can lead to oneness with Brahman |
| pilgrim | a person who travels to a shrine or other holy place (like a stupa) |
| rigid | unbending and inflexible |
| welfare | something that aids or promotes well-being |
| Hinduism | the major Indian religious system that honors many gods and includes beliefs in reincarnation, karma, and dharma |
| Buddhism | a religious system started in India that seeks Nirvana by following the 4 Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path |
| emerge | to rise from an obscure or inferior position or condition |
| process | to move forward or change something into something else |