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Ancient India

Study Guide for Chapter 5

vocabularyexplanation
India subcontinent of Asia south of China and north of the Indian Ocean
Indus and Ganges major rivers of the Indian subcontinent
dharma the Hindu and Buddhist concept requiring a person to do their religious duty based on social status
karma the Hindu and Buddhist force generated by a person's actions now that can affect how they'll be reborn in the next life
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro cities of ancient Indian civilization; well-organized
Vedas ancient Indian religious texts
nirvana enlightenment; ultimate awareness of the meaning of life in both Hinduism and Buddhism; reunion with the Great World Soul
4 Noble Truths and Eightfold Path Buddhist method for reaching nirvana
Silk Road major trade route that helped spread Buddhism to China
reincarnation process of dying and being reborn; rebirth of a person's soul in a different form after death
Siddhartha Gautama founder of Buddhism; the Buddha
Himalayas natural barrier between India and China; highest mountain range in the world
stupas buildings that held religious relics in ancient India
Sanskrit language from ancient India
caste system rigid social hierarchy of ancient India
moksha release from the cycle of rebirth in Hinduism
Asoka (also spelled Ashoka) brutal Mauryan emperor who converted to Buddhism
Gupta Golden Age empire of ancient India
yoga training associated with Hinduism that can lead to oneness with Brahman
pilgrim a person who travels to a shrine or other holy place (like a stupa)
rigid unbending and inflexible
welfare something that aids or promotes well-being
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