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Civil War
American Secession War1861-1865
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| American Civil War 1861-1865 also known as war between the States or Secession War | A civil war in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy. The main reason was the issue of slavery |
| The Union or the North | The United States governed by the Federal Government Maine, New York, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, California, Nevada and Oregon |
| Confederacy or Confederate States | 11 Southern States that separated from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America: South Carolina, North Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee,Florida |
| General Robert Lee, leader of the Conderates | Born in Virginia, grew up in a plantation. . He went to West Point Military Academy for his education. A confederate General leading the South attempt at secession. Surrendered in 1865 at Appomattox Court House, Virginia |
| Abraham Lincoln Elected President in 1860. Assassinated April 15,1865 | To be remembered for the Emancipation Proclamation. Born in Kentucky, moved to Illinois, He worked from an early age, and was a shopkeeper before becoming involved in local politics. and became a self taught lawyer. In 1834, won an election to the Illinois state legislature. He was anti- slavery and pro commerce and cities development. |
| Abolitionist | A person against slavery |
| Economic Interests | Motives for people activities in the economic system: If I own a large cotton production and slaves, my interest is to favor slavery. I f I am a slave, my interest is in freedom, education opportunity and jobs in the Industrial North. If am a small industrial entrepreneur in the North, my interest is in the Union and I am against slavery and favor manpower not slave power. |
| Northern economy | The heart of commerce, manufactures, and more and more mechanized agricultural production. The North industrialization was far more advanced than the South at the time of the Civil War. 90% of Nation manufacturing output |
| Southern economy | Mostly agriculture based, dependent on slave labor, archaic compared to North: 29% of nation railroads, and 13% of nation banks. |
| Kansas- Nebraska Act 1854 | All new territories declared opened to slavery |
| Popular Sovereignty | Government based on consent of the people |
| Congressional edict | An legislative enactment, decision, not always in line with popular sovereignty |
| Bleeding Kansas 1855-1859 | Repeated outbreaks of violence between pro and anti slavery forces following the creation of new territory of Kansas in 1854. It was a key factor in triggering the Civil War. |
| Republican Party, March 1854 | Created to oppose the spread of slavery after the Kansas Nebraska act which allowed the expansion of slavery |
| Dred Scott case 1846- 1857 | Dred Scott was born a slave in Virginia, owned by different owners, he married a slave. His last man owner was John Emerson, and he became the property of the wife, Irene, who refused to let Scott and his wife go, even if they tried to purchase their freedom. in 1846, the Scott filed lawsuits for freedom against Irene Emerson based on 2 Missouri statute: one allowing any person pf any color to sue for wrongful enslavement, the other allowing any person taken to a free territory to be automatically free. |
| Dred Scott Decision | The Scott couple 1846 Filed for freedom 1850 Won Freedom 1852 Lost Freedom 1853 filed again 1854 Lost 1856 new trial from appeal March 1857 lost May 26 1857 Scot family freed by the son of original owner. 1858 Dred Scott will die from tuberculosis |
| Seceded States | 11 Southern States who decided to secede or separate from the Union |
| Emancipation Proclamation 01/01/1863 | An official declaration stating that all slaves held in slavery in Confederate States should be free, and remain free. Abraham Lincoln Proclamation did not immediately free more than 4 millions slaves, but marked his focus on ending slavery in the long term |
| Ulysses Grant: Commander of the Union Army 1861-1865 and later President 1869-1877 | Born in Ohio, West Point graduate, became a national hero during civil war. After becoming President, his main focus was Reconstruction and protecting civil rights of newly freed black slaves |
| 15th Amendment adopted in 1870 | The right to vote for African Americans men, most of them previous slaves. |
| Ku Klux Klan, emerged after the Civil War | White terrorist group using violence to intimidate blacks and prevent them from voting |
| Department of Justice | Established under Grant's presidency |
| Yellowstone National Park | America's first national park established under Grant's presidency |
| Underground Railroad. Started in the late 1700 and continued until the end of the Civil War. | A network of people made of both African Americans and white Americans offering shelter and aid to escaped enslaved people from the South. It merged from different clandestine efforts |
| Quakers:Originally, religious society of Friends, founded in England. They believed the presence of God exists in every person. They flew persecution and arrived in America around 1650. They are in favor of peace | First organized group to actively help escaped enslaved people. A famous Quaker abolitionist was Isaac T.Hopper |
| Quakers in North Carolina | One of the first settlers in North Carolina, they were against slavery , but also against war. At the time of Civil War around 10,000 had left for the West, but 4500 others remained and were very involved in the Underground railroad. They were forced by the Confederate army to pay a $500 exemption fee not to fight or do substitute work in salt works or leather tanning. Some were abused by confederate soldiers. Quaker farmers suffered raids by both the Union & Confederate armies |
| North Carolina during the Civil War | NC joined the Confederacy with reluctance, it was a divided state in term of Unionists of Confederates. The West of NC was largely Unionist. |
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