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American Revolution
Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| French Indian Wars | 1754-1763 War between French and British in North America, England won, but was financially ruined. |
| 1763 Treaty of Paris | A peace treaty ending the French Indian Wars where the French lost their territories in North America |
| Proclamation of 1763 | A British royal proclamation forbidding the expansion of colonists West of the Appalachians mountains in order to keep peace with Native Indian Tribes of the Ohio Valley |
| Taxation | When a government imposes a financial participation on citizens |
| Acts | Parliament's first direct taxes on the American colonies |
| Stamp Act | 1765 direct tax on all printed materials |
| Sugar Act or revenue act or plantation act | 1764 A tax on sugar and molasses |
| Townshend acts | 1767 Measures to tax imported goods from Britain to the colonies. Perceived as an abuse of power by the colonists because they had no representation in British Parliament(Government) |
| Tea Act | 1773 Tax on all tea imported to the colonies |
| Patriots also called Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, Whigs | Colonists of the 13 colonies who rejected British rule during the American Revolution. They declared United States an Independent Nation on the 4th of July 1776 |
| Sons of Liberty | Grassroot group of protestors using violence at times to intimidate loyalists and upset the British Government. They wanted to confront the Crown. |
| Loyalist also called Tories, Royalists or King's men | Colonists loyal to the British Government opposed to Patriots |
| Colonials or colonists | People living in the 13 American Colonies |
| British Crown | Power of British Monarchy |
| Monarchy | Royal Power, government by a monarch |
| Democracy | People's Power |
| Militia, minute men | Citizens organized as military with limited resources |
| Whigs | Colonists in favor of American Independence |
| Royalists | Americans in favor of the King |
| Redress of Grievances | The right to petition the government |
| Tyranny | Oppressive Government |
| Representation | Political representation in government policies |
| Quartering Act | 1765 British rule forcing colonists to house British soldiers at any given time |
| Parliament | British parliament is the supreme legislative body of England |
| Coercive acts or Intolerable Acts | 1774 Five measures to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party |
| Boston Massacre | March 1770. 2000 troops sent to Boston to restore order. An incident turned into a drama when an angry mob was dispersed by British soldiers killing 5 colonists |
| Boston Tea Party | December 1773, angry colonists disguised in Indians dumped tea in Boston Harbor |
| First Provincial Congress | August 1774, 71 Delegates reunited in Bern, NC to discuss and debate the deteriorating relationship \with British government and the problem about taxes |
| First Continental Congress | Sept- October 1774. in Philadelphia, Delegates from all colonies except Georgia, met to organize resistance against the Coercive Acts |
| Declaration of Rights | A declaration stating the right to not pay taxes but stay loyal to England issued at the First Continental Congress |
| Articles of Association | A call to stop importing British goods and repeal coercive Acts |
| Second Continental Congress | May 1775, Philadelphia, formed to manage the colonial militia fighting the revolutionary war. It approved the Declaration of Independence in July 1776 |
| Battles of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts | April 19 of 1775, these battles started the American Revolutionary War(1775-1783), April 18, 100 of British troops marched from Boston to Concord to confiscate a reserve of arms from the patriots, but Paul Revere and other riders mobilized to intercept the Redcoat army |
| Battle of Moores Creek Bridge in North Carolina | February 1776 Josiah Martin, the British Governor of North Carolina, had called 1600 troops from Cross to Creek to meet with other Red Coats in Brunswick, 1000 Patriots led by Richard Caswell, arrived at Moores Creek before the Redcoats and waited for them hidden in the woods. The Patriots won the Battle and two month after voted out the British rule in NC and voted for American Independence |
| Redcoats also called lobster backs, British or regulars | British Soldiers during the American Revolution |
| Continental Army | Formed by the Second Continental Congress in 1775, it is the Revolutionary war army of the 13 Colonies |
| Battle of Yorktown Virginia October1781 | Joint Franco- American land and sea campaign to entrap the British Army at Yorktown, Virginia. Last major conflict of the Revolutionary War, it paved the way for the Treaty of Paris in 1783 |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | Sept 3, 1783, signed in Paris, between US and British, it granted United States Western Territories and acknowledge United States as an Independent Country |
| Georges Washington | Our first President from 1789 to 1797, Commander in Chief of the Continental army 1775-1783 , national Hero. Fought in the French Indian Wars on the British side First job: surveyor( measuring land, making maps) Born in Virginia |
| Paul Revere | A colonist living in Boston, silversmith, dentist, born from a French father and a local mother. He joined the Sons of Liberty, he became a master propagandist. He is famous for his Midnight ride, sending the alert about the imminent attack from the British on Lexington and Concord. He was not alone, he, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott, were riders headed towards Lexington and warned the Patriots about British soldiers march. |
| Benjamin Franklin | Born in Boston, an acute mind, he published critical pamphlets under the nickname" Silent Dog*.. He left Boston to escape mistreatment from his brother and started working in Philadelphia as an apprentice printer. A hard and diligent worker, he became very successful and owned two stores, a printing and a book business. |
| Thomas Jefferson | The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, he was born in Virginia. Amongst many activities, he worked as a delegate for Virginia and helped pass the Statute for Religious Freedom in 1786, promoting the separation of powers between the Church and the State. He also founded the University of Virginia. |
| Battle of Bunker Hill( in real,the famous battle center was in Breeds Hill) a place in now Boston | After the battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, British planned to invade the hills surrounding Boston, in June 1775. Colonial militia men built fortifications and got ready for defense, led by Colonel William Prescott. The red coats were under the command of Major General William Howe, The British won, but this battle was an important booster for the confidence of the less structured, inexperienced and under financed American army. |
| Declaration of Independence | July 4th 1776, approved, signed August 2 1776, First formal statement declaring the right to choose their own government |
| Battle of Trenton, 1776, New Jersey | December 26, 1776, Washington and his troops cross the iced Delaware and and defeated Hessian mercenaries than marched toward Princeton for another battle |
| Battle of Princeton, 1777, New Jersey | January 5, 1777, Washington and his troops defeated the British in Princeton, New Jersey. British lost control of New Jersey. It was important because from this point on, Americans believed they could win the war |
| Crossing of Delaware | Before the battle of Trenton, a famous moment of American history depicted into many paintings |
| Saratoga 1777: turning point | Sept and October 1777, decisive Victory of the Continental army, the Continental Congress issued a National Holiday for Thanks and Praise |
| Horatio Gates | British born American officer serving in the Continental Army , he was leading the battles of Saratoga |
| Valley Forge, Pennsylvania | 6 months camped at Valley Forge , December-June 1777-1778, George Washington choose that space to keep an eye on British army occupying Philadelphia while being far enough not to suffer a surprise attack. |
| Baron Friedrich Von Steuben | Prussian General, he became American and helped the Continental army with crucial strategic thinking and tactics, training the militia and transforming it into a very capable army. He was General Washington Chief of Staff. He wrote the book Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States |
| Marquis de Lafayette | This French Aristocrat embraced the cause of American Revolution and he was 19 when he crossed the Atlantic to join the Revolution. He convinced the Continental Army to commission him a major general on July 31 1777.. He became very respected by George Washington. |
| Benedict Arnold | A hero of the American Revolutionary War, he also became a traitor to the American Cause when switching sides and going for the British. He felt not recognized for his merits during the American Revolution from1775 to 1779, and was ready to betray the American Post of West Point in exchange for money. The plot was discovered and he escaped to the British side. |
| General Cornwallis | Famous British officer who served against the Americans during the Revolutionary War. He is remembered for being an excellent army commander. |
| John Adams | One of the leaders of the American Revolution, he will serve as the second US President from 1785-1826. Born in Massachusetts to descendants of Mayflower pilgrims. He graduated from Harvard and became a teacher, then an attorney. |
| Committees of Correspondence | Emergency provisional governments set up in the 13 colonies in response to British policies in the years preceding Lexington and Concord. They will help organize resistance against abuse powers. |
| Supply caches | Hidden reserves of weapons |
| Battle of Guilford Courthouse, 1781 | March 15, 1781, took place in what is now Greensboro, in North Carolina. General Nathanael Greene led the Americans, while Cornwallis the British. British won, but with heavy losses, they retrieved from the Carolinas. |
| Hessians | Mercenaries from Germany working for the British during the American Revolution. |
| Propaganda | Information used to inflate the truth or transform it in order to manipulate people's opinions or perceptions. Used by all human societies. |
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