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US History Test
Test Review sheet answers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Articles of Confederation | First attempt at a government |
| Weaknesses of the articles of confederation | each state had their own currency, no national court, no way to enforce laws, states had all the power, no strong central government, no way to tax, no army, no leader for first 13 states |
| Strengths of articles of confederation | All states would have to agree on legislation, 13/13 vote for amendments, (weren't many strengths which is why they got rid of it) , guideline on how to add states. |
| Northwest ordinance | Added new territory to the union non slave states |
| Why was the northwest ordinance good? | The Northwest Ordinance also protected civil liberties and outlawed slavery in the new territories. |
| What was the economic crisis that faced the new nation after war? | Farmers were affected by the recession, many states were left in debt after the revolutionary war. |
| What was shay's rebellion and how was it handled? | Erupted in Mass in 1786; began when the government of Mass decided to raise taxes instead of issuing paper money to pay off it's debts |
| What is the constitutional convention? | gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. |
| What was the connecticut compromise? / Great Compromise? | In the House of Representatives each state would be assigned a number of seats in proportion to its population. Senate- each state got 2 reps. |
| Three-fifths compromise? | three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives. |
| 3 branches of government | Legislative Branch (makes laws), Executive Branch(enforce laws), Judicial Branch('judge' laws- makes sure they are constitutional) |
| Checks and balances? | Limiting the power of each branch, no branch has too much power, each branch has the ability to nullify or veto the other, |
| What is the Bill of Rights? | First 10 amendments proposed in 1789. Guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual. |
| How many amendments are there to the constitution? | 27 amendments that protected the rights of Americans |
| Federalists | Wanted a strong federal government. Bill of rights was not necessary, Government power was limited by Constitution, Loose interpretation of the constitution when it favored the federal government. |
| Anti Federalist | Weak National government, not to threaten the rights of people, more power to the states, add a bill of rights to protect the people against abuses of the Federal government, strict interpretation of the constitution. |
| Tariff of 1789 | First major piece of legislation passed in the US after the ratification of the US Constitution, protect local industries from foreign trade- tax goods coming in from other countries |
| What was Hamilton's financial program? | He proposed a Bank for the United States, the central government would assume the states' war debt, raise revenue through taxes (tariffs), wanted to create one currency (USD), loans/regulation |
| Enumerated powers | Delegated powers are specifically granted to the federal(central) government. |
| Implied powers | Congress would be able to use the "necessary and proper" aka elastic clause to carry out tasks outlined by the enumerated powers. |
| What is the whiskey rebellion? | Hamilton urged congress to impose tax on whiskey, it enraged western farmers. Washington sent 15,000 troops to stop the rebellion. The farmers dispersed and the rebellion was over. |
| What were the first political powers and what were their positions on government? | Federalists and Anti federalists |
| What was Washington's Farewell Address and why didn't he run for a third term? | Set precedent for two term presidencies, told people to stay neutral, beware of political parties, He was worried about sectionalism (north vs. south), |
| What are some things Washington contributed as president? | -He helped add the bill of rights, -Established the cabinet of important advisors -Helped establish the national bank signed off on it (20 year approval) -Two term presidency -Stayed neutral during French and GB conflict |
| What is the Quasi War? | Undeclared naval war between the US and France- first action by the US to protect its shipping abroad and established U.S Navy |
| What are the Alien and Sedition acts? (why were american's upset?) | Alien act- Deported foreigners and had to be in the US 14 years before becoming citizens Sedition act- any person who says anything against the government can be punished |
| What happened during the election of 1800 | Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated Federalist John Adams by a margin of seventy-three to sixty-five electoral votes in the presidential election of 1800. ... With the votes tied, the election was thrown to the House of Representatives |
| Why were federalists worried about the outcome of this election? | They were worried because Thomas Jefferson didn't agree with many of their views (national bank) |
| What was the importance of the Louisiana Purchase? | Doubled the size of the US |
| How did Lewis and Clark expedition help for the country? | was the first occasion for United States citizens to travel so far by river and land into the West, |
| What are the contradictions of Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana? | It was part of a treaty with France |
| What is the significance of the Marbury vs. Madison case? | Judicial Review-the federal courts had the power to overturn an act of Congress on the ground that it violated the U.S. Constitution |
| How did the Marbury vs. Madison case help strengthen and protect the American government and it's people? | was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that established for the first time that federal courts had the power to overturn an act of Congress on the ground that it violated the U.S. Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 amendments made in order to protect the people |
| Federalists | Washington, Hamilton, John Adams, loose interpretation of the constitution, strong FEDERAL government, |
| Anti-Federalists | Jefferson, Madison, Aaron Burr, (wanted a government that was a STRICT translation of the constitution), believed in states rights, more worried about too strong of a fed gov |
| What came out of the constitutional convention? | 55 people went to meeting (except RI) --> articles of confederation weren't working, they made checks and balances (with the idea of 3 branches, electoral college not based off popular vote, stronger central gov |
| Concurrent powers | Powers shared by both Federal and State governments |
| Reserved powers | Are powers granted to the STATES for example marriage & drivers license |
| Who opposed Hamilton's plan | James madison led the opposition to the bank, madison and other southerners were upset because most of the bonds were owned by northerners |
| Why did James Madison oppose the bank? | Argued there could be no bank because it was not an enumerated power, Hamilton used implied power- making laws that shall be necessary and proper (because it benefited the country) |
| Who created the cabinet of advisors and why? | George Washington- he created it because he was a general and didn't know much about politics (needed help with foreign policy, finances, etc.) |
| Founding fathers | George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison |
Created by:
esantos4780
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