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Mesopotamia

TermDefinition
the wheel Sumerian innovation, made it easier to move items so more trade
plow Sumerian innovation, helped plant seeds for farming so more crops grew
irrigation Sumerian innovation, waterways and canals that helped control water to grow crops during drought or flood
division of labor sharing of a large job so each worker does only part of it; made work easier and people specialized
pictographs pictures and symbols carved into wet clay to represent syllables and words
measuring system Sumerian innovation, allowed them to make accurate sized structures and keep track of items
calendar Sumerian innovation, used to know when flood season was coming and when to plant seeds
Tigris and Euphrates rivers that Sumerians depended on for freshwater
monarchy type of government of Sumerians; governing system ruled by king or queen
Duties of King (En) lead military, arrange trade, settle arguments, direct public events, handle religious ceremonies
Upper Class ruling class: king, high government officials, priests, warriors
Middle Class lower government officials, craft workers, farming supervisors, merchants, doctors, carpenters, potters, brick layers
Lower Class slaves and farmers
Hammurabi's Code Written laws "Strong shall not oppress the weak" "an eye for an eye"
innovation new way of doing things (invention or advancement)
surplus amount of a product that is left over or extra
absolute authority complete control
standing army paid, trained army
bureaucracy governing group made of non-elected officials
code set of rules
merchant person who buys and sells or trades goods
taxation money people would pay to the government to ensure government kept working to take care of society
empire city state and the area that surrounds it
conflict disagreement or argument
compromise resolution to a conflict in which both groups agree
cuneiform A form of writing developed by the Sumerians; wedge shaped writing; helped keep records and taxes
scribe person who trained to write
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