Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
krodriguezSS3
Chapter 3 Vocabulary and Critical & Comprehension Questions/Answers
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nubia | an ancient region in the Nile River Valley, on the site of present-day southern Egypt and northern Sudan |
| cataract | a large waterfall; any strong flood or rush of water |
| delta | a plain at the mouth of a river, formed when sediment is deposited by flowing water |
| silt | fine soil found on river bottoms |
| Describe the course of the Nile River from its source all the way to the delta. | as the White Nile in E. Africa flows North, it meets the Blue Nile. It then flows along Nubia through Egyptian section of the Nile, to the Mediterranean. |
| How did the Nile River affect the lives of the early Egyptians and Nubians? | the Nile brought the ancient Egyptians and Nubians a constant source of water allowing them to fish, farm, trade and build communities along its banks. |
| If the Nile did not flood regularly, how might life along the river have been different in ancient times? | the land might have been less fertile. there might have been less farming, less food and therefore less people |
| what kinds of trade goods passed through Nubia on their way to Egypt? | ebony wood, ivory, ostrich feathers and eggs, panther skins and throw-sticks |
| How did the cataracts of the Nile River affect Nubian trade? | the cataracts prevented Nubians from trading by traveling on the river so Nubian trade routes had to be over land |
| how did the Nubians become famous as traders? | they carried their goods in huge caravans through and to many distant lands. |
| pharaoh | the title of the kings of ancient Egypt |
| dynasty | a series of rulers from the same family or ethnic group |
| absolute power | complete control over someone or something |
| regent | someone who rules for a child until the child is old enough to rule |
| what unusual powers did Egyptians believe their kings had? | the power to provide floods and the harvests that followed |
| explain why Egypt's rulers had more authority than most rulers have today. | Egyptians thought rulers had god-like powers and therefore hesitated to question their authority |
| describe some of the accomplishments of each of the three Egyptian kingdoms. | Old Kingdom- pharaohs kept the peace and trade with Nubia. Middle Kingdom- irrigation and public works New Kingdom- huge, powerful armies |
| what characteristics did all three kingdoms have in common? | all made progress and prospered for much of the time; all were led by Pharaohs |
| describe the New Kingdom under Thutmose III and during its later decline | Thutmose III conquered many lands. the conquered were treated with mercy. the New Kingdom declined after civil war left Egyptians defenseless against foreign invasion. Egypt fell to Alexander the Great |
| why do you think the Pharaohs of Egypt were so successful for so long? What factors led to the decline of Egypt? | people believed their pharaohs were god-like. fertile land and access to the Nile allowed Egypt to grow and prosper. But, as it grew, the pharaohs lost power. civil war ensued. |
| afterlife | a life after death |
| mummy | a dead body preserved in lifelike condition |
| pyramid | a huge building with four sloping triangle-shaped sides; built as royal tombs in Egypt |
| Giza | an ancient Egyptian city; the site of the Great Pyramid |
| What were the religious beliefs of the ancient Egyptians? | ancient Egyptians believed in several groups of gods all of whom had control over major aspects of life. they also believed in life after death. |
| in what ways did the ancient Egyptians use religion to understand nature? | they believed that the gods controlled nature and therefore explained the workings of nature |
| why did the Egyptians mummify their dead? | Egyptians believed that a person's spirit would exist in the afterlife and would return to the mummified body to receive food and offerings |
| how do we know that the afterlife was important to the ancient Egyptians? | Egyptians took care to preserve bodies and create tombs to ensure a person's place and comfort in the afterlife |
| why were the pharaohs concerned about the condition of their tombs? | the pharaohs wanted their bodies and possessions to be safe from robbers. they also felt the appearance of the tombs reflected their wealth and power |
| describe how the ancient Egyptians organized the building of the pyramids. | they carried stone to the building site from quarries. then they cut building blocks from the stone. then they used sleds, wooden rollers and levers to push huge bocks up ramps to the level they were working on. |
| hieroglyphics | pictures and other written symbols that stand for ideas, things or sounds |
| papyrus | an early form of paper made from a reed plant found in the marshy areas of the Nile delta; the plant used to make this paper |
| astronomer | a scientist who studies the stars and other objects in the sky |
| how were the lives of Egypt's peasants ruled by the seasons? | during the flood season, peasants worked on roads, temples and buildings. after the flood, they planted crops and later harvested them. |
| how did the seasons affect all of Egyptian society? | the Egyptian economy was based on farming and trade, so the flood season influenced the prosperity of the people. the harvest season was the busiest for peasants. |
| describe how the Egyptians used hieroglyphs to communicate. | hieroglyphs were picture like symbols that represented sounds and ideas. Egyptians used hieroglyphs as their system of writing. |
| what was the importance of writing in Egyptian society? | writing enabled people to keep track of their economy through written records and later enabled them to communicate more complicated ideas. |
| what areas of science and medicine did the ancient Egyptians study? | astronomy, herbalism and the human body. |
| how did the learning achievements of the Egyptians affect later civilizations? | future civilizations used the information Egyptians learned about medicine and astronomy. |
| ore | a mineral or a combination of minerals mined for the production of metals |
| Lower Nubia | the region of ancient Nubia between the first and second Nile cataracts |
| Upper Nubia | the region of ancient Nubia between the second and sixth Nile cataracts |
| artisan | a worker who is skilled in crafting goods by hand. |
| what was the relationship between Egypt and Nubia? | at first they were friendly, and traded goods. in time, they became competitive, struggling over power and control of the land. |
| how did the Nubians and the Egyptians borrow from each other's cultures? | the Nubians adopted many Egyptian gods and traditional ceremonies. many Nubian artifacts were found in the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs. |
| what were the resources of Kerma? | the work of its artisans and its geography |
| What part did Kerma's wealth play in its conflict with Egypt? | because Kerma was wealthy when Egypt was weak, Kerma was able to conquer and expand into southern Egypt |
| how are the histories of Napata and Meroë tied to Egypt? | Napata conquered Egypt at a weak point in its history. Napatan rule restored and preserved many old Egyptian ways. Egypt traded with both Meroë and Napata, benefiting from their resources. |
| what signs of Nubian culture exist in Africa today? Do you think present-day Africans are likely to be interested in Nubian culture? Explain why or why not. | Nubian culture can still be found in styles of pottery, furniture, jewelry and fashion. they would be interested in Nubian culture because it was part of Africa's history and remnants may still exist in their culture today. |
| Herodotus- | Greek historian who explored Egypt and wrote, “Egypt is the gift of the Nile.” |
| Hatshepsut- | stepmother and regent for Thutmose III, she had herself proclaimed pharaoh. Her reign was a time of great peace and economic success. She refused to yield the throne to Thutmose III when he was old enough to rule. |
| Menes- | King of Egypt who built the city of Memphis. He also united Upper and Lower Egypt. |
| Tutankhamen | became ruler of Egypt while he was still a child. At about age 18 he died and was buried with many precious objects. His funeral treasures taught us a great deal about ancient Egypt. |
| Thutmose III- | his stepmother refused to yield the throne to him. After she died he destroyed all of her statues. He became one of the greatest pharaohs of the New Kingdom. |
| Alexander the Great | famous Macedonian leader who conquered Egypt. |
| Cleopatra VII- | was the last Macedonian to rule Egypt. When the Romans conquered Egypt, she feared that they would parade her through Egypt to celebrate their victory. |
| Uni | high-ranking Egyptian of the Old Kingdom. He worked his way from running a store house, to Governor of Upper Egypt, to royal tutor at the palace and an honored companion of the pharaoh. |
| Jean Francois Champollion- | French scholar who figured out the meaning of the hieroglyphs on the Rosetta Stone. |
| Taharka | King of both Nubia and Egypt, he was the greatest ruler of his dynasty. |
| Horus | falcon/sky god |
| Re | sun god |
| Osiris | god of the living and the dead/god of the afterlife |
| Isis | goddess of women; wife of Osiris |
| Anubis | god of the dead; invented mummification |
| Amon-Re | the chief god of the ancient Egyptians, he protected the rich and the poor; born each morning in the east with the sunrise and died each evening in the west with the setting sun |
| Hapi | god of the Nile |
Created by:
krodriguez24
Popular History sets