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China (unit three)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| loess | fine windblown yellow soil |
| clan | a group of families with a common ancestor |
| dynastic cycle | rise and fall of Chinese dynasties according to the Mandate of Heaven. |
| philosophy | system of ideas |
| filial piety | respect for parents and elders |
| oracle bone | In Shang China, animal bone or turtle shell used by priests to predict the future. |
| characters | written symbols in writing systems such as that of the Chinese |
| calligraphy | the art of producing beautiful handwriting |
| Confucius | A Chinese philosopher who taught about the importance of education and public service. |
| Laozi | Chinese scholar and historian. Developed the philosophy of the Dao. His book "The Way of Life" influenced much of Chinese culture. |
| monopoly | Complete control of a product or business by one person or group. |
| expansionism | Policy of increasing the amount of territory a government holds. |
| warlords | local military rulers |
| civil servants | government servants |
| acupuncture | Medical treatment in which needles are inserted into the skin at specific points to relive pain or treat illness. |
| Shi Huangdi | Unified China over his authoritarian rule. The "first ruler of China", built the Great Wall, and was a legalist. |
| Wudi | Chinese emperor who expanded his dynasty's rule. |
| Confucianism | A belief system founded by Confucius in ancient China. Confucians believe that we should strive for peace and harmony with others in society. |
| Daoism | A belief system founded by Lao Tzu. Daoists believe in that we should strive to establish peace and harmony with nature. |
| Legalism | The belief that man is naturally evil and therefore must be controlled by a strict government. |
| Mandate of Heaven | In Chinese history, the divine approval of gods thought to be the basic of royal authority. Disasters ment that a dynasty had lost the gods favor and therefore the Mandate of Heaven. |
| Huang He (yellow) River | unpredictable flooding |
| Empire | A political unit where a number of peoples or countries are controlled by a single ruler. |
| Tang Dynasty | Chinese dynasty from 618 to 907 |
| Tributary state | independent state that has to acknowledge the supremacy of another state and pay tribute to its ruler |
| Land reform | break-up of large agricultural holdings for redistribution among peasants |
| gentry | wealthy, landowning class |
| dowry | in some societies, payment a bride’s family makes to the bridegroom and his family; payment a woman brings to a marriage |
| pagoda | multi-storied Buddhist temple with eaves that curve up at the corners |
| Tang Taizong | Tang Taizong (598–649) was an accomplished general, government reformer, historian, Confucian scholar, and artist. These qualities and skills helped him to become China’s most admired emperor. |
| Song Dynasty | Chinese dynasty from 960 to 1279 |
| golden age | Usually occurs during a time of peace and prosperity. It is a time of high achievement in arts, literature, and science. |
| China's golden age | during the Han, Tang, and Song dynasties |
| steppe | sparse, dry, treeless grassland |
| Yuan Dynasty | Chinese dynasty ruled by the Mongols from 1279 to 1368; best known ruler was Kublai Khan |
| abacus | A device used for counting and calculating by sliding small balls or beads along rods or in grooves |
| Ming dynasty | Chinese dynasty in which Chinese rule was restored; held power from 1368-1644 |
| Genghis Khan | United Mongol tribes and created an army that conquered vast areas of central Asia and China. |
| Kublai Khan | Grandson of Genghis Khan , he conquered the Song dynasty, took control of China and founded the Yuan dynasty. |
| Marco Polo | A traveler, merchant, and adventurer, from Venice who journeyed from Europe to Asia. Spent 17 years serving Kublai Khan, |
| Zheng He | An admiral in Ming Chinese dynasty who traveled all over Asia and Africa to explore and trade. |
Created by:
mvlaramee
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