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History Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atlanta Compromise | a proposal made by Booker T. Washington that African Americans focus on economic prosperity rather than civil rights |
| Homestead Act | law passed by Congress in 1862 providing 160 acres of land free to anyone who would live on the plot and farm it for five years |
| George Meade | a Union General during the Civil War who led the Army of the Potomac to victory in the Battle of Gettysburg and through the end of the war |
| manufacturing | the large-scale production of goods by hand or by machine |
| Reign of Terror | time period during the French Revolution from September 1793 to July 1794 when people in France were arrested for not supporting the revolution and many were executed |
| Nat Turner’s rebellion | large slave rebellion in 1831 Virginia |
| Irreconcilables | name for to U.S. senators who opposed the Treaty of Versailles on all grounds |
| Prohibition | movement to end the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States |
| black codes | southern laws that severely limited the rights of African Americans after the Civil War |
| popular sovereignty | political theory that government is subject to the will of the people; before the Civil War, the idea that people living in a territory had the right to decide by voting if slavery would be allowed there |
| bootlegging | the process of smuggling liquor; refers to Prohibition-era United States |
| excise tax | taxes made on the purchase of specific goods |
| U-boat | submarine used by Germany in World War I |
| Market Revolution | a shift in the economy of the United States in the 1820s–1830s in which people began manufacturing more food and goods for trade and profit |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy during the Civil War and former United States senator from Missouri |
| Wounded Knee Massacre | an 1890 military action in which 300 surrendering Lakota Sioux were killed after a rifle accidentally discharged; also referred to as the Battle of Wounded Knee |
| 54th Massachusetts Regiment | an African American regiment distinguished for valor during a battle at Fort Wagner |
| John Brown | abolitionist who led a raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry in order to initiate an armed slave uprising |
| Boss Tweed | the nickname of William M. Tweed, a corrupt politician who controlled the Tammany Hall political machine in the mid to late 1800s |
| Battle of Trenton | a 1776 battle in New Jersey in which Continental forces surprised and defeated Hessian troops |
| Harlem Renaissance | a twentieth century cultural movement that involved an outpour of creative work by African American writers, thinkers, musicians, and artists |
| imperialism | a national policy of expanding power by taking control of other lands and peoples |
| Spirit of St. Louis | the name of the airplane Charles Lindbergh flew across the Atlantic Ocean |
| Battle of Saratoga | a 1777 battle in New York in which colonial forces won a decisive victory against the British |
| John Quincy Adams | He was the sixth president of the United States who earlier served as a U.S. diplomat, senator, and Secretary of State. He is the son of John Adams, the second president. |
| Silent Sentinels | a group of women suffragists who kept a silent vigil at the White House to show support for women’s voting rights |
| Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921 | violent racial conflict that occurred in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1921 |
| Eighteenth Amendment | an amendment to the Constitution that made the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol illegal |
| conservationism | a political, social, and environmental movement to protect natural resources |
| contraception | things that are done to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant |
| national park | a historic or scenic tract of land maintained by the government |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | an agreement between Theodore Roosevelt and Japan to calm immigration tensions |
| exceptionalism | the belief that a particular country or region is superior to others |
| bribery | the practice of influencing someone’s decisions by offering money or favors |
| populism | the belief in the rights, wisdom, and virtue of common people |
| urbanization | the process by which cities develop, including increased population, business, and structures |
| Fifteenth Amendment | a change to the Constitution that protected the right of former slaves to vote |
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