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US History Chapter 2
BJU US History 2nd Edition for 11th grade
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Headrights | land grants |
| Indenture | work contract |
| Joint-stock companies | provided a means where enterprises could obtain large monetary resources and remain free from the government control hat accompanied government-sponsored projects, ther investors shared profits without sharing liabilities |
| London Company (April 10, 1606) | permitted to colonize the land between the norther latitudes of 34 and 41 degrees, later renames the Virginia Company |
| Plymouth Company (April 10, 1606) | permitted to colonize the land between the northern latitudes of 38 and 45 degrees, dismantled in 1609 |
| Jamestown | the first permanent English settlement in the New World |
| Powhatan | this Indian chief order war parties to attack Jamestown |
| Pocahontas | daughter of Powhatan, married Englishman John Rolfe and brought a shaky peace to Virginia |
| John Smith | captain who enforced the kind of discipline necessary for the survival of Jamestown |
| "Starving Time" | the severest trial the Jamestown people ever faced, winter of 1609-10 was known as this because death by starvation became a way of life |
| House of Burgesses | this advisory and legislative body was the first self-governing assembly in the New World |
| Charter Colony | a colony governed by a trade company receives its authorization from the king |
| Proprietary | Under this arrangement, the king appointed a proprietor to govern a colony |
| Royal Colonies | were controlled directly by the crown, the king and his councilors appointed the government directly |
| New England | the four northernmost colonies, Smith's account of this land spurred the revival and reorganization of the defunct Plymouth Company |
| Pilgrims | a number of Christians who had left their houses and lands and crossed the ocean to worship God freely |
| Puritans | a group of Anglicans who wanted to purify the state church from within by pushing for reforms that would rid England of Romanist influences and bring greater spiritual vitality to the nation |
| Separatists | they believed that each local congregation should be independent of all other churches, free to worship and serve God without interference |
| William Bradford (July 1690) | governor and historian of Plymouth Colony |
| Mayflower Compact | this agreement bound the settlers into a civil body politic by which they agreed to submit to the laws and the duty elected leadership of the colony |
| Squanto | provided the setters with life-saving information about crop fertilization in order to increase food production |
| Great Migration | 50,00 settlers sailed from England to various colonies in America and the West Indies during the 1630s |
| John Winthrop | this governor of Massachusetts Bay was the driving force behind the Puritan colony |
| Covenant | legally binding relationship |
| Harvard College (1636) | established in this year near Boston to train young men for the ministry |
| Thomas Hooker (1636) | this Puritan minister moved three congregations under his leadership into the Connecticut River Valley, setting up communities at Hartford, Wethersfield, and Windsor |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) | this document, has been called the first written constitution in America, established a framework for representative self-government in Connecticut |
| Roger Williams (1639) | arrived in Massachusetts and soon gained a reputation as a troublemaker for his novel ideas, a key figure in the development of the modern conception of religious liberty |
| Anne Hutchinson | her strong personality and way with words attracted people from the congregation to gather at her home on Mondays to discuss Cotton's Sunday sermon, this led to the expounding of antinomianism |
| antinomianism | the teaching that outward obedience to scriptures was unnecessary to demonstrate an inward relationship to God |
| Middle Colonies | reflected the cultural diversity of British North America |
| Patroon System | a unique system of settlement developed by the Dutch, one person transported and settled fifty families in exchange for a large tract of land in the New World |
| William Penn | his vision and labor produced the colony of Pennsylvania |
| Southern Colonies | this division is made up by Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia |
| Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore (1634) | the proprietor of the first group of settlers in Maryland |
| Toleration Act of 1649 | provided that no one professing a belief on Christ should be troubled in the free exercise of his religion |
| Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper | this Earl of Shaftesbury gave more attention to the southern Carolina settlement than the other proprietors |
| James Oglethorpe | this reform-minded general determined to build a colony that would provide rehabilitation through the opportunity and hard work |
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