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Chapter 1 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hemisphere | a “half sphere,” used to refer to one-half of the globe when divided into North and South or East and West |
| Latitude | imaginary lines that circle the Earth parallel to the Equator |
| Longitude | imaginary lines that circle the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole, measuring distance east or west of the Prime Meridian |
| Projections | a way of showing the round Earth on a flat map |
| Physical Maps | a map that shows land and water features |
| Political Maps | a map that shows the names and borders of countries |
| Special Purpose Maps | a map that shows themes or patterns such as climate, natural resources, or population |
| Scale | a measuring line that shows the distances on a map |
| Cardinal Directions | north, south, east, and west |
| Choropleth | a special-purpose map that uses color to show population density |
| Migration | the movement of people from one place to settle in another place |
| Culture | the set of beliefs, behaviors, and traits shared by a group of people |
| Capital | money and goods used to help people make or do things |
| Entrepreneurship | the act of running a business and taking on the risks of that business |
| Supply | the amount of a good or service that a producer wants to sell |
| Demand | the amount of something that a consumer wants to buy |
| Scarcity | the lack of a resource |
| Opportunity Cost | what is given up, such as time or money, to make or buy something |
| Traditional Economy | an economic system in which custom decides what people do, make, buy, and sell |
| Command Economy | an economic system in which a central government decides what goods will be made and who will receive them |
| Recession | a period of slow economic growth or decline |
| Inflation | a continued rise in prices or the supply of money; a period of rapidly increasing prices |
| Exports | a good that is sent from one country to another |
| Imports | a good brought into a country from another country |
| Barter | to trade by exchanging one good or service for another |
| Globalization | the growth in free trade between countries |
| Representative Government | government in which citizens elect officials who administer its policies |
| Federal System | a government which divides power between central and state governments |
| Separation of Powers | the division of power among the branches of government; a government structure that has three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial |
| Checks and Balances | a system in which each branch of government limits the power of another branch |
| Legislative Branch | the part of government that passes laws |
| Executive Branch | the part of government that enforces laws |
| Judicial Branch | part of government that interprets laws |
Created by:
Dominic Collins
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