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Reconstruction
S.S. Dr. Hollis - Green 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Freedmen | Former slaves that were freed after the Civil War. |
| Reconstruction | The period of rebuilding the South and adding the South back into the Union. People disagreed with what to do and the trust between the North and the South was gone. The economy and the society of the South was ruined and they suffered many hardships. |
| Ten Percent Plan | A plan offered by President Lincoln to bring Southern states back to the Union. When 10% of the voters in a state took an oath of loyalty to the Union, they had to make a new state constitution that banned slavery. After, the state could rejoin the Union. |
| Amnesty | President Lincoln granted amnesty to the Southern states for any crimes they committed if they swore an oath of loyalty to the Union. Amnesty means to grant pardon or forgive. |
| Wade-Davis Bill | An alternative to the Ten Percent Plan. The bill required a majority of the state to take an "iron-clad" oath of allegiance to the Union. Then, the states needed to ban slavery and former Confederates weren't allowed to hold public office. |
| Freedmen's Bureau | A federal organization that provided clothing, food, and medical care to freed slaves. Schools were set up to help the slaves with teachers from the North. It helped the slaves earn money and find work. |
| Thirteenth Amendment | The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified in December 1865 which didn't allow slavery or any sort of involuntary service. |
| Black Codes | Laws passed in the South just after the Civil War aimed at controlling freed men and women, and allowing plantation owners to take advantage of African American workers. |
| "Radical" Republicans | A group of Republicans that held a lot of power during Reconstruction. They weren't willing to readmit the Southern states on easy terms. The Radical Republicans wanted not only to rebuild the South but to also remake the Southern society. |
| Fourteenth Amendment | The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in 1868 which restated that all people born in the US are citizens, even if they have been slaves previously. It also gave everyone equal protection under the law. |
| Radical Reconstruction | Radical Reconstruction began when the Republicans won an overwhelming majority in Congress and Johnson could no longer prevent them from overriding his votes. |
| Reconstruction Act | A Reconstruction Act was passed in 1867 when 10 of the states still didn't ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. The states were divided into 5 districts each governed by an army general from the North until new state governments were formed. |
| Impeach | Impeach means to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office. A president will be removed from office if they get the two-thirds majority vote. |
| Fifteenth Amendment | The Fifteenth Amendment was proposed in 1869 which guaranteed that any state and federal government could not deny the right to vote to any male citizen because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." |
| Scalawags | A name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South. It meant "scoundrel" or "worthless rascal." |
| Carpetbaggers | Northern whites who moved into the South after the war. They owned cheap suitcases made out of carpet fabric, hence the name. Some carpetbaggers were dishonest, looking to take advantage of the current situation. But many others wanted to help them. |
| Conservatives | Protecting and preserving the belief that all men are created equal and should be treated equally. |
| Ku Klux Klan | A society that used fear and violence to deny rights to freed men. Disguising themselves in white sheets and hoods, they threatened, beat, and killed many African Americans and whites who supported them. |
| Sharecroppers | People that were in a system of farming in which a farmer works land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the crop. |
| Poll Taxes | A tax someone must pay in order to vote. |
| Grandfather Clauses | A rule that allowed people to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction began. |
| Segregation | The separation or isolation of a race, class, or group. |
| Jim Crow Laws | A set of segregation laws that required African-Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | A case in 1896 that involved a Louisiana law that required separate sections on trains for African Americans and whites. The Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal as long as African Americans had access to public places equal to those of whites. |
| New South | The "New South" was a plan to change the economy into an industrial economy. They would have industries based on the region's coal, iron, tobacco, cotton, and lumber resources. |
Created by:
em2008
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