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AP European final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who wrote the Book of the Courtier? When? | Baldassare Castiglione, 1528 |
| What were the attributes for The Book of the Courtier? | (grace, talent, noble birth)(achievement)(classical education) |
| What were New Monarchies? | Old monarchs with new power |
| Who invented the printing press? | Johannes Gutenburg |
| When was the printing press invented? Where? | 1455 or 1456, Mainz |
| What is humanism? | The most important movement associated with the Renaissance |
| What is civic humanism? | Humanism tied with Florentine civic spirit and pride |
| What was John Wyclif's big idea? | Popes should be stripped of their authority |
| What was nepotism? | Popes promoting their nephews to church offices |
| What is northern humanism? | New classical learning that was part of Renaissance humanism spread |
| What is another name for northern humanism? | Christian humanism |
| Who was the most influential of all Christian humanists? | Desiderus Erasmus |
| What book did Erasmus write? | The Praise of Folly |
| Who wrote Utopia? | Thomas More |
| What is pluralism? | Church officials taking over multiple church offices |
| What did pluralism turn into? | Absenteeism |
| What is absenteeism? | Church officials ignoring their jobs and hiring underlings |
| What was Martin Luther's big idea? | The selling of indulgences is bad |
| What famous writing did Martin Luther write? | The 95 Theses |
| What was the Peasants' War? | The peasants' dissatisfaction with their lords |
| Why were the peasants displeased? | They were not affected by the economic rise |
| Who helped the peasants? Who turned on them? | Thomas Muntzer, Martin Luther |
| What was Zwingli's big idea? | Transubstantiation |
| Charles V's problems caused what? | Lutheranism to spread and organize |
| Which war kept Charles V busy? | The Hapsburg-Valois War |
| What were the Anabaptist ideas? | Adult baptism, the return of Christian practices and spirituality, refusal to hold political office, or bear arms |
| Who was Henry VIII? | The initiator of the English Reformation |
| What was Henry VIII's final decade occupied with? | Foreign affairs, factional intrigue, and finding a good wife |
| What was John Calvin's big idea? | Predestination |
| What were 3 tests of possible salvation for Calvinism? | Open profession of faith, a "decent and godly life", and participation in baptism and communion |
| What were the Jesuits? | The Society of Jesus |
| Who founded the Jesuits? | Ignatius of Loyola |
| What were main ideas of the Jesuits? | Absolute obedience to papacy, strict hierarchial societal order, use of education, and dedication to engage in conflict for God |
| What 3 major activities did Jesuits engage? | Establishing disciplined schools, advertising Catholic faith, and fighting Protestantism |
| What was the Council of Trent? | A meeting of Christendom general council where they discussed Protestant revolts and decided on Catholic |
| What was the most important decree of the Council of Trent? | There had to be theological seminaries in every diocese (area) for priest training |
| What were Hugueonots? | French Calvinists |
| What was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre? | The king's guard sought out and killed important Hugueonot leaders in Paris |
| When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre? | Aug. 24, 1572 |
| What ended with Henry of Navarre's Coronation? | The Wars of Religion |
| Prince Henry the Navigator was famous for wha? | Finding a navigating school in Portugal |
| What were the motives for gold searching? | Seeking Christian kingdom as an ally against muslims, aquiring trade opportunites for Portugal, and extending Christianity |
| What was Christopher Columbus' goal in exploring? | To reach Asia and the West Indies |
| Where did Columbus actually land? | The major islands of the Caribbean |
| How many voyages did Columbus take? | 4 |
| Hernan Cortes marched to what Aztec city? | Tenochtitlan |
| Hernan Cortes made alliances with whom? | Cities that tired of Aztec's oppressive rule (**important city-Tlaxaca**) |
| How lond did it take for the local population to drive them out? | a year |
| Who landed on the Pacific Coast of South America? | Francisco Pizarro |
| What disease overtook the Inca's? | Small pox |
| Which queen declared the natives to be subjects of Castile? | Isabella |
| What is the name of the Spanish institution that permitted conquering Spaniards to collect tribute from natives and use them as laborers? | Encomieda |
| What 3 things did holders of encomieda have to do for the Indians? | Protect them, pay their wages, and supervise their spiritual needs |
| What percent of the Indians died? | 30-40% |
| What is the triangle trade? | A pattern of trade in early modern Europe that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas in an Atlantic economy |
| What did Europe bring to Africa? | Guns, gin, and cloth |
| What did Africa bring to the Americas? | Slaves |
| What did Europe buy from the Americas? | Tobacco, molasses, sugar, rum, coffee, and raw cotton |
| About how many slaves were sold in the 16th century? | 275,000 |
| Which 3 powers were competing for trading privileges? | British, Dutch, and Portuguese |
| The British success brought which two powers? | French and Dutch |
| Who were the British saved by? | Sir Robert Clive |
| During what war did the British force the French out COMPLETELY? | The Seven Years' War |
| T or F:The Price revolutions were Europe-wide? | True |
| What was must subject to price increases? | Food stuffs (wheat especially in Spain, South France, and Italy) |
| What else was affected? | Government |
| Influx of metals was associated with what? | The increase of prices |
| What was the witchcraft craze? | Hysteria over witchcraft in the 16th and 17th century in Europe |
| Where were witchcraft trials held? | England, Scotland, Switzerland, Germany, partly France, Low Countries, and New England |
| When was witchcraft viewed as sinister? | When the Church connected witchcraft to devilry |
| About how many were prosecuted for witchcraft? | 100,000 |
| Who was most susceptible to suspicion? Why? | Women, the Devil uses them because he knows that women love pleasures and means to bind them by provocations |
Created by:
Studystar818
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