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SKEL: Pathology
Pathologies that affect the skeletal system (terms marked with * are cut off)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Osteomyelitis* | -local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow -Continuous spread -Blood borne organisms -introduced through trauma (injury or surgery) or via the bloodstream from another site in the body to the bone -bacteria invade the bone and degen |
| Osteoporosis | Characterized by progressive loss of bone density, thinning of bone tissue and increased vulnerability to fractures -cause not completely known -reduction of bone mass -most common in women ages 55-65: menopausal women (white and asian) -Genetic |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | -Disorder caused by the dysfunction of one of several genes responsible for producing collagen -The genes responsible for OI can be inherited from one or both parents |
| Costochondritis | (Non- Cardiac Chest Pain) Irritation of the ribs causing CP worsened by pressing on the sternum |
| kyphosis | excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back. |
| lordosis | abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition) |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| herniated disk | protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that resulting in a protrusion, causing compression on the nerve root |
| Osteoarthritis (OA) | progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation; may result in crippling deformities; an autoimmune disease |
| Rickets | osteomalacia in children; lack of vitamin D; causes bone deformity |
| Bursitis etiology | Inflammation of small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts of the body's joints |
| Paget's disease* | Occurs in those over age of 40. Normally, as people age, their bones rebuild at a slower rate. This disease causes the process of rebuilding to take place at a faster rate. As a result, the rebuilt bone has an abnormal structure. The involved bone can be |
| greenstick fx | incomplete fracture |
| stress fx | a small crack fx that occurs after chronic, excessive impact |
| open fx | aka compound - break in skin or mucus membranes - great risk for contamination |
| closed fx | aka simple, no break in skin |
| spiral fx | bone has been twisted apart and the fracture spirals around the long axis |
| comminuted fx | bone is splintered or crushed |
| sprain and strain | -overstretching or tearing of ligaments or muscle or tendon -Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate |
| Dislocation | the total displacement of a bone from its joint |
Created by:
jfoote
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