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Bio Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the 23 pairs of human chromosomes make up the____ number of chromosomes, which symbolized by the letter____ | diploid, Zn |
| Another name for the sex cells, egg and sperm is____ | gamete |
| the egg and sperm have only 1 set of chromosomes. This is called the ____ number and is symbolized by the letter ____ | haploid, n |
| the process by which eggs and sperm are produced, and the chromosome number reduced to half the diploid number is called ____ | meiosis |
| In this process the chromosomes are replicated only once. However there are ____ cell divisions | 2 |
| During Prophase I, a tetrad of chromosomes interwine. Parts may be interchanged. This is called ____ | crossing over |
| During Metaphase I, chromosomes line up at the equater in ____, instead of in a single row as in mitosis. | pairs |
| In males, each parent cell will produce how many daughter cells | 4 |
| In females how many daughter cells will be produced | 1 |
| what is the oposite process to meiosis called | fertilization |
| the uncontrolled growth of cells is called ____ | cancer |
| chemical known to cause cancer is called ____ | carcinogens |
| programmed cell death, such a shrinkage of the webbing between fingers in the embryo, is called ____ | apoptosis |
| unspecialized cells which can develop into specialized cells are called _____. If they came from an embryo killed for that purpose it is morally wrong. | stem cells |
| an organism that is genetically identical with another is called a _____ | clone |
| a teachnique called ____ is used to make millions of copies and a specific region of DNA fragment. | pollnerace chain reaction |
| is the technology that invlolves manipulating the DNA of organism. | genetic engineering |
| the ____ determined the sequence of all nucleotides that make up human DNA. | human gene project |
| determining the unique DNA fragments that belong to an individual in known as _____ | DNA finger penting |
| a kentuckey derby winner is the result of crossing fast, strong steres and mares. This is called ____ ____ | selective breeding |
| a mule is a cross between a horse and a jackass. It is a _____ and like all crosses between species it is _____ | hybrid, sterile |
| those who raised pedigreed dogs will only mate them with the same breed. This is called ____ and may allow recessive traits to show up. | purebreed |
| a dog breeder may wish to determine if his pue black dog has two genes. For blackness, or carries a recessive gene for a spotted coat. He need to breed the dog with a spotted coat and see if any of the recessive variety show up. This is called ______ | test cross |
| Dna is studied in small sequences _____ enzymes are used to cut the molecules into segments. | restriction |
| these segments are analyzed by ____ | gel electron ferisa |
| the DNA from one organism can be attached to the DNA of a second. This is called _____ | recombinate |
| small circular DNA molecules in bacteria, Known as _____ are frequently used to have other DNA attached. This can enable the bacteria to maufacture hormones and other compounds. | phasmids |
| organisms that contain genes from a different type of organisms are called ______ | transgenie |
| organisms that can make their own food are called _____ | autotophs |
| what color are autotophs? | green |
| Green color is due to which pigment | chlorophyll |
| chlorophyll is found in which organelle? | chloroplasts |
| the ultimate source of energy for all life is the ______ | sun |
| the immediate source of energy for a cell is ____ | ATP |
| ATP is the abbreviation for? | adenosine triphosphate |
| It is made by adding a _____group to _____. | phosphate, ADP |
| photosynthesis equation | 6 carbonate + 6 water yields 6 oxygen plus glucose C6 H12 O6 |
| photsynthesis formula | 6 CO2 + 6H2O -> 6H12O6 + 602 |
| chlorophyll uses which colors found in light? | purple, blue, orange, red |
| what happens to the green not used | it is reflected back |
| An orange pigment found in leaves + vegetables | carotein |
| The cloroplast contains membranes called _____, piled in stacks called ____, surrounded by material called _____ | thylakoids, gramma, stroma |
| NADPT functions as an ______ transporting electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules | electron carrier |
| the first thing light does inside the chlorophyll molecule is to break up a molecule of _____ | water molecule |
| The oxygen is not needed and released quicky. The hydrogen and its energized electrons enter the ____. This portion of reaction is called the light -_______ | thylakoid space, dependent |
| carbondioxide from the atmosphere enters the ______ cycle; the CO2 molecules are joined to the hydrogen and electrons from the first part of the reaction and _____is produced | Kelvin, glucose |
| the rate of this reaction depends on the availibilty of _____ the _____, and the intensity of _____. | water, te,perature, light |
| Identify the reactants and products in this diagram, ADP + P + energy storing | ATP |
| the energy we need is stored until needed in the molecules of glucose. To obtain this energy, the glucose molecule is first broken in half. This is called ______. | glycolysis |
| Some bacteria, and overworked muscles, turn pyruvic acid into ______, making the dairy industry happy. | lactid acid. |
| This is called ______ respiration, because it does not need oxygen, or another name: _______ | aerobic, aerobi process |
| for aerobic respiration, the pyruvic acid must move into the ______ | mytochondria |
| During this cycle, the 3C pyruvic acid is broken down into ______ which you breathe out | (Krebs cycle) carbondioxide. |
| Much energy is still in the electrons attached to the elctron carriers _____ and ____ | NADH, FADH |
| This energy is aqueezed out in the steps of the ____ ____ | electron transport chain |
| the total amount of energy produced by aerobic respiration is _____ molecules of ATP, which is why you can be so energetic. | 36 |
| the father of genetics is ______ | Gregor mendel |
| Mendel crossed pure tall and pure short pea plants. The offspring are all ____ | hybrids |
| Mendel used these results to say that tallnes was ______ and that shortness was a ____recessive trait. | dominat, recessive |
| mendel crossed these offsrping j of many offspring, there was a ratio of _____ tall and _____short | 3:1 |
| the pure tall and pure short plants are called the ____ generation. The offspring is called the ____ generation and their offspring is called the ______ generation | P, F1, F2 |
| If the allels for a trait are alike, we say the organism is _____ | heterozygous |
| An organisms alleles (suh as TT, or Tt) make up its _____ | phenotype |
| the branch of math that helps determine the percentage of genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring is _____ | probabilty |
| what are Mendels 3 laws | dominance, segregation, independent assortment |
| Human body cells contain _____ chromosomes | 46 |
| this number cinsist of 23 pairs of matching chromosomes called ______ chromosomes | homologous |
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