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Lesson 21
A Dividing Nation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Compromise of 1850 | the agreements made in order to admit California into the Union as a free state; allowed the New Mexico and Utah territories to decide whether to allow slavery, outlawing the slave trade in Washington, D.C., and creating a stronger fugitive slave law. |
| confront | to meet, especially in a challenge |
| Dred Scott decision | a Supreme Court decision in 1857 that held that African Americans could never be citizens of the United States and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional |
| ensure | to make sure or certain |
| faction | a group of people within a larger group who have different ideas from the main group |
| fugitive | a person who flees or tries to escape (for example, from slavery) |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | an act passed in 1854 that created the Kansas and Nebraska territories and abolished the Missouri Compromise by allowing settlers to determine whether slavery would be allowed in the new territories |
| Lincoln-Douglas debates | a series of political debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas, who were candidates in the Illinois race for U.S. senator, in which slavery was the main issue |
| Missouri Compromise | an agreement made by Congress in 1820 under which Missouri was admitted to the Union as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state |
| Union | the United States as one nation united under a single government. During the Civil War, “the Union” came to mean the government and armies of the North. |
| Wilmot Proviso | a proposal made in 1846 to prohibit slavery in the territory added to the United States as a result of the Mexican-American War |
| Tallmadge Amendment | an amendment added on to the bill for Missouri to become a state that said that Missouri could join the Union, but only as a free state |
| "gag rule" | Congress voted to set aside all antislavery petitions for ten years, abolitionists called this action the “gag rule,” because silenced all congressional debate over slavery |
| abolitionist | a person who wants to stop or abolish slavery |
| Fugitive Slave Act | a law that forced the return of runaway slaves; the law stated that a person arrested as a runaway slave had almost no legal rights, and that any person who helped a slave escape could be jailed |
| Free-Soilers | a small political party that opposed the extension of slavery into the western territories, many moved to Kansas to oppose slavery there after the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed |
| border ruffians | pro-slavery settlers who moved from Missouri to Kansas and were involved in the violence of "Bleeding Kansas" |
| John Brown | an abolitionist, plotted a violent attack on a pro-slavery settlement in Kansas where he and seven others dragged five men out of their homes and hacked them with swords; also planned an attack on an arsenal to provide slaves with weapons for a rebellion |
| Ostend Manifesto | a message sent to the secretary of state by three American diplomats in Ostend, Belgium, that urged the U.S. government to seize Cuba if Spain refused to sell it |
| popular sovereignty | rule by the people, used to describe the idea that the people within a state should be the ones who decide on issues that affect it (for example, slavery) |
| Abraham Lincoln | first Republican candidate to run for president, won the election of 1860, believed that slavery was a moral issue that needed to be solved |
| Attack on Fort Sumter | first attack of the Civil War in Charleston, South Carolina, soon after SC seceded from the Union and became the first Confederate state |
| Stephen Douglas | a senator that created the Kansas-Nebraska Act, wanted to build a railroad to California, defeated Abraham Lincoln in the Senate race in 1858 |
| Bleeding Kansas | A series of violent events in Kansas following the passage of Kansas-Nebraska Act between the Free-Soilers and “border ruffians” |
Created by:
MsFrankRL
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