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Section 2
Life During the Depression
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dole | The Dole provided 39 weeks of benefits to those were registered as unemployed, this was provided by the government. |
| Means Test | Was designed to control and reduce the amount of Dole being paid. People had to undertake a test to see if they were eligible to receive the Dole. |
| Jarrow Hunger March | It took 8 months and was completed in 22 stages, the marchers covered a distance of 450 km led by the town mayor, Ellen Wilkinson and town councillors. They presented a petition to the government but the government gave a very limited response. |
| Self Help | Unemployed people helped themselves, others and communities. 'Self Help' could be informal, communal or familial. |
| Poverty & Diet | 4.5 million people had a diet that was considered inadequate. 5 million people suffered from some form of deficiency. |
| Women | Many women would sacrifice their needs to see to that of their families. Would pay for their children's medicine, food etc, but gave up their own. |
| Children | A poor diet led to a high infant mortality rate and poorer overall health of children in depressed areas. |
| Emigration from Wales | Between 1921 and 1938, approximately 440,000 people left Wales to find work and a better life elsewhere. Approximately 85% of emigrants were from Glamorgan and Monmouthshire in South Wales. |
| Radio | Provided a distraction from Depression life and made the world seem smaller. |
| Cinema | Provided a form of escapism and conjured an image that was vastly different from what many people experienced in their daily lives. |
| Rugby | Encouraged a mingling of social classes. Quickly became one of the most popular games, particularly in Wales. |
| Boxing | Boxing attracted many working class supporters, people would bet money on the outcomes of the fights. Tommy Farr: ex-miner from the Rhondda Valley. |
| Football | People would travel across the country to support their teams. It provided something to do and root for in the harsh times of the Depression. |
| TV | For the few people who did own a TV they could watch sport from the comfort of their own homes. Broadcasting was very new in the 1930's. |
| Growing Light Industry | Light Industry relied on mass production techniques. Although they provided a source of employment, factories tended to be smaller and employ fewer people. |
| Special Areas Act | Companies were offered grants to go and set up their industries in 'Special Areas' to provide a source of employment. |
| Special Areas | These were the worst hit areas of unemployment during the Depression, NE&NW England, Clydeside, S Wales and N Ireland. |
| Treforest Industrial Estate | Established in June 1936, it was a non-profit organisation that aimed to replace jobs lost in heavy industry e.g. coal and steel. Numbers working there grew to 16,000 |
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