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Ancient Greece
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geography & its effect on settlement and Greek life | -Study of the physical features of the earth -High mountains which made it extremely difficult for the Greeks to trade to other communities and travel out of their Village |
| Colonization: reasons and process | -Process of creating a Colony -Colonization can be used with trading and -Helpful when attaining all the resources to survive. |
| Minoans | -Settled on Crete and -Peaceful people who used their plentiful farmland to grow olives, grapes, and grains -Used the calm waters of the Mediterranean to trade for other resources & to fish |
| Mycenaeans | -Conquered the Minoans -Lived on the Peloponnesus -The constant fighting left them weak, to the Dorians. -Mycenaean cities fell except Athens -Dorians were simple, with little culture, and no written language that soon returned through verbal stories |
| Monarchy | -Chosen by the people after a leader died or inherited by eldest son. -Kings made laws and acted as judges. -Kings also lead the army during wars -Councils of Aristocrats advised Kings under certain circumstances. |
| Tyranny | -Military leaders gained support from people who were promised rights -Tyrants forced the oligarchs from power, -Were not lawfully in charge Tyrants cannot claim a legal right to rule, nor does his son inherit power |
| Spartan Oligarchy | -Council of Elders consisting of two kings and 28 other men.” Two kings inherited their position, shared equal powers -Men were elected by the Assembly, had to be at least 60 years old and from an aristocratic family. -All males |
| Aristocrat | -Aristocrats realized they were stronger than the king, so they began to insisted the king was to be elected and rule for a limited amount of time. -Aristocrats were wise, wealthy men, who owned large pieces of land. |
| Athenian Democracy | -Consisted of a council of 500 men, met everyday to discuss issues that needed to be discussed -Randomly selected Laws were talked about and debated by a group of 6,000 who only met every 10 days -Everyone was allowed to attend assembly |
| Causes of the Trojan War | -Troy was located at the only connection between the Black and Aegean Seas -Centrally located in the Aegean World, became a trade center, people from all over brought goods to sell -Greeks wanted to control the trade and colonization here, to make $$$ |
| Effects of the Trojan War | -Troy was destroyed -The Greeks controlled the major trade center and trade route of the region, they are very wealthy -The Greeks returned to the mainland with more resources, power, and $$$. -Later, after the Greek Dark Age, Homer wrote many poems |
| Hellespont | The connection between the Black and Aegean Seas |
| Greek Phalanx | A formation in war that the Greeks used to their advantage and won many battles with this formation. |
| Causes of the Persian Wars Persian King: Darius | -Ionian colonies tired of doing things for the Persians -Darius tried to extend territory+wanted revenge on Athens for helping the Ionian rebellion -Greeks developed a new form of govt (democracy) & Darius didn’t want it to impact Persia |
| Effects of the Persian Wars Persian King after war: Xerxes, son of Darius | -Greeks won -Persian King, Xerxes was embarrassed so they retreats -Golden Age of Athens began, peace, democracy & freedom flourished -Many other cultural advances Greek legacy spread further by Alexander the Great |
| Battle of Marathon: leaders/strategy/outcome | -The Persian King Darius went to Marathon to punish the Athenians for helping Ionians -Athenian leader Miltiades created an excellent strategy and defeated the Persian Empire even though they were outnumbered almost 3-1. -Darius died in battle |
| Battle of Thermopylae: leaders/strategy/outcome | -Xerxes, the Persian King, planned an attack on Greece in Darius’s honor -The Spartan King Leonidas led the Greeks against Xerxes' army (again extremely outnumbered 50-1). -Xerxes destroyed Athens |
| Battle of Salamis: leaders/strategy/outcome | -Xerxes' navy was lured into the narrows off of Salamis, and destroyed by the Athenian "wooden wall" (navy) which was outnumbered 2-1. |
| Causes of the Peloponnesian War | -The Athens and Spartans wanted to determine a clear winner in between each other and discover who was the most powerful city-state through war. |
| Effects of the Peloponnesian War | -End of Golden Age -Sparta won the war -Alexander, would extend Macedonian rule spreading Greek ideals throughout the region |
| Alexander the Great and his accomplishments | -Alexander and his armies captured the main Persian cities of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis. He had conquered the entire Persian empire -He built Greek style cities -He encouraged settlers from Greece to live in these new cities, -he used religion |
| Agora | -A Marketplace in Athens where everyone traded and bought goods |
| Socrates | -Greek philosopher -Challenged other’s beliefs, which caused powerful enemies to grow stronger -He was later put to death for beliefs that people did not agree with -teaching style named Socratic Method |
| Plato | -Was also a greek philosopher -Socrates most famous student -Most of what we know about Socrates is because of Plato’s exaggerated writing about Socrates -Created the Platonic Academy in Athens |
| Thucydides | -Best known as the father of scientific history. -He wrote a famous book called “The History of the Peloponnesian War” about the Peloponnesian war. -Very reputable/unbiased |
| Herodotus | -Best known as “The Father of History” -He wrote a book about the Persian War but his most popular book was named “The Histories” -He was also extremely biased. |
| Pythagoras | -Best known as the “Father of numbers'' -He specialized in geometry. -Came up with a very famous mathematical theorem. |
| Parthenon/Acropolis | -Greeks made Parthenon as a temple for Athena, but it was burned down when persians burned down Athens -Pericles convinced greeks to rebuild it -Something exploded inside and blew off the top, or something else happened -many religious buildings |
| Doric Architecture | -Oldest, made to look like old wooden buildings -Found mostly on Greece mainland Fluted shaft, no base |
| Ionic Architecture | -Shorter, often used on smaller buildings -Smaller than Doric columns -The columns are fluted |
| Corinthian Architecture | -Most decorative style, made famous by the Romans rather than the Greeks -Similar to Ionic -Least popular -Invented in Corinth -shafts were fluted, sitting on base |
| Homer | -Created poems like the Iliad & the Odyssey that were written about the Trojan War |
| The Persian Wars were fought in the _______ of Greece. | M.T.S.- 1. Marathon 2. Thermopylae 3. Salamis |
| There was an _______ at Marathon | M.D. (medical doctor)- 1. Miltiades 2. Darius |
| The hearts of the Spartans at Thermopylae were _____ | X.L. (extra large)- 1. Xerxes 2. Leonidas & Themistocles |
| The Athenian Navy stood _____ at Salamis | X.T. (extra tall)- 1. Xerxes 2. Themistocles |
Created by:
Delilah R
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