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Unit 6-7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Spoils System | Practiced under Andrew Jackson's presidency, giving government jobs to supporters, replacing government employees with the winning candidate's supporters |
| Indian Removal Act | Law made under Jackson's presidency to remove Native Americans from their rich farm land, Trail of Tears was in effect of this |
| The Trail of Tears | Cherokee Indians being forced our of their home lands in Georgia, forcefully moved them to Oklahoma |
| The Oregon Trail | One of the major overland routes from East to the West |
| Manifest Destiny | Idea that Americans had the God given right to expand their land from "sea to shining sea" |
| Texas Annexation | 1845, Mexico disagreed with the border that caused the U.S. Mexican War |
| California Gold Rush | Gold was discovered in California at Sutter's Mill in 1848, Thousands of Americans migrated to California and grew in population |
| Santa Fe Trail | Part of Westward Expansion, trail led to New Mexico for the rich natural resources of the southwest |
| The U.S. Mexican War | Texas Annexation caused a border dispute between U.S. and Mexico, Mexico lost the war and U.S. acquired the Mexican Cession |
| The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Treaty that ended the U.S. Mexican War, Rio Grande River became the official border between Texas and Mexico, Mexican Cession was given to the U.S. that completed Manifest Destiny |
| Mexican Session | The area of land Mexico ceded to the U.S. after the Mexican War |
| Gadsden Purchase | A small strip of land the U.S. purchased from Mexico for $10 million to the U.S. could build a transcontinental railroad in the South |
| The Telegraph | An apparatus that used electronic signals to transmit messages, faster way of communication, invented by Samuel Morse |
| Mechanical Reaper | Invented by Cyrus McCormick, improved production and agriculture in the South, less manual labor to farmers |
| Know-Nothing Party | People who opposed immigration were known as Nativists and accused immigrants of taking jobs from "real" Americans |
| Irish Immigrants | Immigrants who came to America because they faced a potato famine in the early 1800's, settled mostly in the Northeast of the U.S. mainly because of jobs available in factories |
| "Cotton is King" | A huge demand of cotton made it a very important cash crop that created this slogan |
| Rural | farm land, small population, outside city limits |
| Urban | City, heavily populated area, factories and business activity |
| Overseer | Person in charge of slaves working on plantations, made sure the slaves did their jobs and gave them consequences for not working |
| Slave Codes | Laws in the Southern states that controlled enslaved people, prohibited slaves from assembling in large groups, could not leave their master's property, illegal to teach enslaved people to read and write |
| Nat Turner | Slave and abolitionist, rebelled openly against his master, led a group of followers on an attack in Virginia |
| Harriet Tubman | Abolitionist who helped many enslaved people from the South to escape to the North as a "conductor" using the Underground Railroad Network |
| Frederick Douglass | Abolitionist who was born into slavery but escaped to the North, became an active speaker against slavery, edited a newspaper called the "North Star" where he published many articles against slavery |
| The Underground Railroad | A network of escape routes from the South to the North, was not an actual train |
| The Temperance Movement | Women and Quakers pushed to ban alcohol because of the rise of poverty, domestic abuse, families breaking apart, and increase in crime |
| Educational Reform | Leader is Horace Mann, pushed for all children to be educated regardless of their backgrounds |
| Dorothea Dix | Reformer for prison and mental health |
| Margaret Fuller | Reformer and writer, leading transcendentalist who advocated for women's rights |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson | Writer and Poet, central figure in Transcendentalist movement |
| The Era of Good Feelings | Time period after War of 1812 where people felt a sense of national pride, few political divisions and economically prosperous |
| Sectionalism | Time period where the country was facing tension between the Northern, Southern, and Western regions, conflicts over slavery, tariffs, representation in Congress, etc. |
| John C. Calhoun | Politician from South Carolina, believed in state's rights, argued that tariffs raised prices that the South had to pay for the manufactured goods they could not produce for themselves |
| State Sovereignty | An idea that states have power that cannot legally be taken away by the federal government |
| Daniel Webster | Norther politician, supported free trade/ manufacturing, favored protective tariffs which protected American industries from foreign competition. |
| Henry Clay | Known as "The Great Compromiser" national leader who tried to resolve sectional disputes through compromise and tried to keep the South from seceding |
| The Missouri Compromise | Missouri would be admitted into the U.S. as slave state while Maine would be added as a free state to maintain the balance in Congress, created 36'30 Line that prohibited slavery above the line |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Landmark Supreme Court Case, declared that Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce (trade between the states) |
| Andrew Jackson | American hero during the Battle of New Orleans, created the modern Democratic Party, President for the "Common Man" tyrant/king type of president who abused his powers |
| Adams-Onis Treaty | Treaty signed between the U.S. and Spain in 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the States |
| The Monroe Doctrine | Powerful message to European leaders from James Monroe that threatened European countries not to interfere and colonize in the Western Hemisphere |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Henry David Throeau | A transcendentalist who refused to obey laws he thought was unjust, wrote an essay on Civil Disobedience |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Reformer who authored Uncle Tom's Cabin which was very controversial and led to the Civil War |
| Abolitionists | Reformers who worked to abolish or end slavery |
| William Lloyd Garrison | White abolitionist and reformer, published a newspaper called The Liberator, brought attention to the evils of slavery through his newspaper |
| Sojourner Truth | Born into slavery but escaped to the north, was an abolitionist who also advocated for women's rights |
| Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Organized 1st women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY, pushed for women's rights especially suffrage |
| Battle of New Orleans | Last battle of War of 1812, Andrew Jackson led the army which brought him national fame |
| Industrial Revolution | Began in the early 1800's, age of inventors and inventions, lots of machinery contributed to the growth of factories and urbanization |
| Capitalism | An economic system that allows competition to flourish, individual put their money into business in hopes of making a profit. |
| Free Enterprise System | American economic system where people are free to buy, sell, and legally produce almost whatever they want with minimal government interference. |
| Technology in the 19th Century | Industry and machinery, many inventions improved production of goods and allowed for cheaper prices |
| Cotton Gin | Invented by Eli Whitney, allowed for faster production of cotton cleaning and increased the need for slavery in the south. |
Created by:
rjhussain
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