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History Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In ancient Greece it was thought a disgrace to die in battle. | False |
| Pericles commissioned the building of the Parthenon in 447 and presided over the "Golden Age of Athens." | True |
| Hercules masterminded Athenian strategy in the Peloponnesian War. | False |
| The Greek gods lived on Mt. Olympus. | True |
| Zeus was the protector and ruler of humankind. | True |
| Poseidon is often depicted with a trident in his hand. | True |
| Hades is the Greek name given to the underworld a place of the spirits of the dead. | True |
| Charged with introducing strange gods and corrupting the young, Socrates committed suicide as required. | True |
| Plato's theory of "ideas" or "forms" contrasts abstract entities or universals with their objects or particulars in the material world. His philosophical writing are presented in the form of dialogues. | True |
| Aristotle is one of the most influential thinkers in the history of Western thought. | True |
| Define the Socratic Method-- | Asking question and answering then yourself. |
| Draw a trident-- | |
| Greek philosopher and scientist, a student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great, he founded a school (the Lyceum) outside Athens. | Aristotle |
| Greek philosopher, a disciple of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle, he founded the Academy in Athens. | Plato |
| Ancient Athenian philosopher, he engaged in dialogue with others in an attempt to reach understanding and ethical concepts by exposing and dispelling error. | Socrates |
| Blind poet, Homer's work that describes the siege of Troy. | The Iliad |
| Book by Aristotle about the features of different kinds of government. | Politic |
| Homer's story of Odysseus travels home after the Trojan War. | The Odyssey |
| Best-known work by Plato this book is important because it was the first attempt to devise a planned society. | The Republic |
| List 4 of the Contributions of Ancient Greece to Civilization-- | Art, Theatre, Government, Public Service |
| Around 500 BC the _________ created the world's first direct democracy. | Athenians |
| ________ is known as the "Father of History." | Herodotus |
| Greek word for city-state. | Polis |
| Activities associated with the government of a country or other area. | Politics |
| rule by the people. | Democracy |
| Ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, etc. | Propaganda |
| Working for the good of the community. | Public Service |
| The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. | Philosophy |
| System of government in which citizens elect representatives. | Republic |
| Rule by a few, or a small group of peopl. | Oligarchy |
| Famous Greek general and statesman, a champion of Athenian democracy, he pursued an imperialist policy and masterminded Athenian strategy in the Peloponnesian. | Pericles |
| King of Ithaca and famed soldier, who had many adventures on his 10-year journey home from Troy after the War, Roman name is Ulysses. | Odysseus |
| Brother of Zeus and god of the underworld. | Hades |
| The god of the sea, water, earthquakes, and horses. | Poseidon |
| Strongest of Greek gods, he ruled over the family of gods and goddesses, associated with thunder and lightning. | Zeus |
| Minoan Civilization began on the island of Santorini. | False |
| Minoans were the first people in history to sail on long voyages over open water. | True |
| Minoan women enjoyed freedom and equal social status with men. | True |
| The location of Troy gave it control over trade between the Black Sea and the mediterranean Sea. | True |
| What the Greeks called tyrants replaced the ruling nobles. These tyrants were nobles who often had a democratic outlook and were looked to for leadership. | True |
| The rise of tyrants was the first step toward government by the people. | True |
| Draw a Doric style column-- | |
| Alexander the Great dreamed of ruling __________ | One World |
| Vergil's account contains the story of the ______________ , used by the Mycenaeans to enter Troy during the Trojan War. | Trojan Horse |
| ________ is the ancient city located on the ______________ known today asa the ____________ the strait that connects the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. | Troy, Hellespont, Dardanells |
| Taurokathapsia | "Bull Dancing" |
| Famed poet of Rome tells the story of Trojan War in his poem Aeneid. | Vergil |
| A central city and its surrounding villages, which together follow the same law, have one form of government, and share languages, religious beliefs, and ways of life. | City State |
| Foot soldiers | Infantry |
| Soldiers mounted on horseback | Cavalry |
| 494 BC he puts down a revolt by Ionian Greeks and burns the city of Miletus | Darius I |
| Defeats the Spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae 480 BC | Xerxes |
| Conquers the Persian Empire, Egypt, and the lands as far east as the Indus River | Alexander the Great |
| Greek tyrant whose name has come to mean "wise statesman" | Solon |
| Became the first democracy | Athens |
| Hill at the center of Athens, where Athenians built their forts and temples | Acropolis |
| The chief temple of the goddess Athena considered a supreme example of Doric architecture | Parthenon |
| The warrior state, it did not follow the democratic trend of the rest of Greece | Sparta |
| 490 BC outnumbered 2 to 1 the Greeks defeat Darius I's forces at this battle | Battle of Marathon |
| Xerxes' forces finally defeat the "300" Spartans at this battle and go on to take Athens | Battle of Thermopylae |
| The Greeks defeat Xerxes' navy at this battle and he returns to Asia Minor | Battle of Salamis |
| Early gods from which Olympian gods were derived | Titans |
| King of Gods | Zeus |
| God of Sea | Poseidon |
| God of Underworld | Hades |
| God of light and the sun | Apollo |
| Zeus | Jupiter |
| Poseidon | Neptune |
| Eros | Cupid |
| Mightiest mortal; son of Zeus; slew Hydra | Hercules |
| Hero of Thebes; married his mother | Oedipus |
| Half-human, half-bull who lived in the labyrinth on Crete | Minotaur |
| White-winged horse | Pegasus |
| First woman; opened box of evils | Pandora |
| Beautiful human who fell in love with his image | Narcissus |
| Richest human; everything he touched turned to gold | Midas |
| Greek warrior, slew Hector; died from a wounded heel | Achilles |
| Carried a trident | Neptune |
| Carried a thunderbolt | Jupiter |
| Military conquest made Rome a world power | True |
| The lack of skillful diplomacy hindered the growth and longevity of Rome | False |
| By allowing conquered groups a say in the Roman senate, ownership of land in Roman, and allowing them to establish local assemblies to rule in their home areas the Romans were able to maintain control over their vast empire | True |
| Legend says Rome was named after Romulus | True |
| The Phoenician's were masters of the Mediterranean with a great navy | True |
| The Roman's well established navy had easy victories in the first naval battles against the Phoenicians | False |
| During the Third Punic War, Rome blockaded and laid siege to Carthage and most of the people starved to death, and those that lived were made slaves | True |
| The Romans burned Carthage to ground and destroyed the fertile soil near Carthage by throwing salt into the plowed lands | True |
| Carthage was the capital of Egypt | False |
| Hannibal used rhinoceroses in his battles | False |
| "Roman Peace" lasted from 27 BC-180 AD | Pax Romana |
| Tyrant king deposed by the senate in 509 BC and a republican form of government was set up in Rome | Tarquin the Proud |
| Greek military leader that won several major battles against the Romans in Italy, but suffered such great losses he had to return to Greece. He said, "Another such victory and we are lost." | Pyrrhus |
| Latin meaning "I forbid" | Veto |
| Central open-air meeting place in Roman | Forum |
| Republic-- | Government which the representatives are elected |
| Pyrrhic victory-- | Costly victory in war |
| What the Second Punic War is often called-- | Conflict between Hannibal and |
| Fabian Policy-- | |
| A military operation in which enemy forces surround a town of building , cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside | Siege |
| Great military genius from Carthage, he crossed the Alps to attack Rome | Hannibal |
| Battle won by Hannibal in southern Italy 216 BC, one of the greatest military feats and use of strategy in history | Battle of Cannae |
| Battle near Carthage in which the Romans defeat Hannibal | Battle of Zama |
| A series of three wars between Carthage and Rome from 264 to 146 BC | Punic War |
| After Caesar's victory at Zela what message did he send to the Senate, and what does it mean?-- | Veni Vidi Vici; I came, I saw, I conquered |
| What is the Ides of March?-- | There is death of Julius Caesar, March 15, 44 BC |
| What did Caesar say when he crossed the Rubicon?-- | The Die is Caste |
| Governments regulate life and death of its citizens through laws | True |
| Control of the military and police forces is not essential to the existence of a nation | False |
| The rise of an armed force outside the control of the national government raises the threat of revolution or civil war | True |
| The problem with power is how to distribute it | True |
| Max Weber believed coercion by itself is the most effective way to control people | False |
| Max Weber believed those in power need legitimacy | True |
| Economic systems operate independently, of the type of government and leadership on a nation | False |
| Economic institutions are designed to meet the physical needs of people | True |
| Is the right to control others | Power |
| Supreme power in a sphere of influence | Sovereignty |
| Is the recognized right to exercise power | Authority |
| Belief that one's own is the best nation or group | Ethnocentrism |
| Idea that rulers must be recognized as having the right to control people | Legitimacy |
| According to Max Weber power is the ability to control others, or even to the point of being able to make them do something against their own desires and interests | True |
| According to Max Weber coercive power threatens to punish those who disobey | True |
| Nationalism means rulers must be recognized as having the right to control people | False |
| The authority is based on long held beliefs of society - it is usually inherited (monarchs, tribal chiefs, council elders) or based on wisdom that the elderly possess, and society considers the rightful leaders | Traditional Authority |
| The authority is based on charisma the power disappears when the individual is gone. (Joan of Arc, Mahatma Gandhi, JFK, Marin Luther King , Jr., Abraham Lincoln, Adolf Hitler.) | Charismatic Authority |
| The source of authority is in the position, not the person (polic officer, judge). Certain rights, privileges and obligations come with the office and behavior is expected to be appropriate for the position. | Rational-Legal Authority |
| Hadrian's Wall-- | Roman defensive wall across northern England, to defend province of Britain against invasions by tribes from the north. |
| Draw a Roman aqueduct--- | |
| 1948 the Jews get their homeland back called ___________ | Israel |
| List 5 of the causes of the decline of the Roman Empire-- | Economic decline and inflomation, political instability, civil wars, lack of education, attacks by barbarians and weakened military |
| During the uprising of 135 AD Hadrian's forces killed at least a half million Jews, others were enslaved and many more exiled. | True |
| The Latin Language is one of Rome's greatest gifts to civilization; it is the basis of many languages and words. | True |
| Master statesman, orator, and writer, Mark Antony had him executed in 43 BC. | Cicero |
| In Roman times it referred to people who not Roman and thought to be uncultured. | Barbarians |
| A man trained to fight to the death with weapons against other men or wild animals in arenas. | Gladiator |
| One of the most famous gladiators he led a slave revolt that began in 73 BC and ended with his death two years later. | Spartacus |
| Despotic ruler of the Roman Empire, he moved the capital of Roman Empire to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople. | Constantine |
| Government by a ruler with unlimited power, often ruling in cruel and oppressive manner. | Despotism |
| Battle where Agrippa defeated Antony's Fleet and Cleopatra fled from the battle with her fleet. | Battle of Actium |
| Battle in October 42 BCE where Antony and Octavian defeat Brutus and Cassius. | Battle of Philippi |
| A personal follower of Jesus who spread his teachings. | Disciple |
| missionary - any one of the 12 men chosen by Jesus to spread Christianity. | Apostle |
| Was the most important apostle spreading Christianity around the eastern Mediterranean and helping it grow into a world religion. | Paul |
| Jesus-- | Base of Christian religion, born in Bethlehem, lived in Nazareth, claimed to be Messiah. |
| Pontius Pilate-- | |
| Messiah-- | Leader who is divinely chosen to usher in the great judgement. |
| The Bible-- | First 66 books of the Old and New Testament |
| 395 AD _____________ made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. | Emperor Theodosius |
| ___________ c. 313 AD ______________ makes Christianity legal throughout the Roman Empire. | Edict of Milan, Emperor Constantine |
| _____________ blamed the Christians for the burning of Rome in 64 AD. | Nero |
| Describe the Battle of Adrianople, and its importance-- | Visigoths attacked Emperor Valens and his army and killed him. Most important battle in history. First major battle lost by Rome in over hundreds of years leaving the Roman Empire deffeneseless. |
| Head of the Roman Catholic Church | Pope |
| Independent papal state in the city of Rome and seat of government for the Roman Catholic Church | Vatican City |
| In Christianity the Messiah is the leader who is divinely chosen to usher in the great judgment at the end of time | True |
| The Romans had no respect for the Christians because they met death with courage | False |
| Disease cause by a parasite carried by mosquitoes causing a high recurring or lasting fever. | Malaria |
| Contagious bacterial disease with a fever and delirium, and sometimes infection of the lungs. | Plague |
| Property or money brought by the bride to her husband on their marriage. | Dowry |
| Safety in church building | Sanctuary |
| Battle of Chalons-- | |
| Attila the Hun was called the ___________ by the Romans | Scourge of God |
| Charles Martel or Charles the Hammer-- | |
| Battle of Tours-- | |
| Charlemagne is referred to by some as the -- | Father of Europe |
| Bleda was the most successful king of the Huns | False |
| Attila the Hun was the most successful barbarian invader of the Roman Empire | True |
| 476 AD is often the date given for the Fall of Rome | True |
| It is inaccurate to set one date for the Fall of Rome because it was a slow and complicated many faceted decline | True |
| Write an Essay on the death of Attila the Hun including when he died, theories of his death and his burial. | |
| A member of a northwestern African Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent. They conquered the Iberian Peninsula. | Moors |
| Christmas day 800, Pope Leo III crowned this man the first Holy Roman | Charlemagne |
| Mounted man-at-arms serving a feudal superior | Knight |
| Agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate, noble considered them property not much about cattle | Serf |
| Feudalism--- | Social system in Medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and |
| a share of the produce in exchange for military protection. | |
| Knights were inducted by having their heads shaved | False |
| The Muslims drove the Christians out of the trade in the Caribbean Sea | False |
| The knights were not allowed to go to war, because they were pacifists | False |
| The lord's manor house or castle was built mainly for_________ | Defense |
| the weak rulers that followed Charlemagne left his former empire open to repeated attacks from _____________, __________, and ___________ | Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims |
| The Church "__________________" - was the unifying force in the Middle Ages | "Roman Catholic Church" |
| Medieval Women of all classes married young often by age 14, and their fathers arranged nearly all marriages | True |
| The influence of the Church in Medieval Europe was so strong that it was called Christendom | True |
| Draw and label a castle with a moat and a keep---- | |
| the strongest or central tower of a castle, acting as a final refuge | Keep |
| A deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle, fort, or town, typically filled with water and intended as a defense against attack. | Moat |
| Largest landowner in Medieval Europe | The Church |
| Took Jerusalem in 1099 slaughtering Muslims, Jews, and Christians in the city | First Crusade |
| Long poem that told of the adventures of heroes | Epic |
| Arab Muslims conquered the life of ________. By 1089 the __________, followers of Islam had taken __________ the most holy of Christian cities in the Middle East and were threatening __________ capital of the Byzantium Empire. | Holy Land, Christians, Jesus, ,Jerusalem, Constantinople |
| Pope Urban II called a meeting at _________, France urging knights to become ____________. He finished his speech with ___________-__________ | Clermont, crusaders, God wills it - Deus Vult |
| Pope Urban II promised the crusaders forgiveness for their sins, freedom from their debts, and a choice of fiefs in the lands they conquered | True |
| The "red cross" displayed the Crusaders meant they were providing medical care to the wounded | False |
| Roger Bacon predicted the coming of power driven ships, cars, and flying machines | True |
| Epic poem written in Anglo-Saxon, celebrating a legendary Scandinavian hero, who kills the water monster Grendel | Beowulf |
| Popular story of the Middle Ages of a man who robbed from the rich and gave to the poor | Ballad of Robin Hood |
| Popular animal story of the Middle Ages | Reynard the Fox |
| Italian poet who wrote the, Inferno | Dante |
| Known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages | Geoffrey Chaucer |
| List the 6 results of the Crusades-- | Development of banking introduced and a money economy in Europe, New goods and ideas were introduced, The most tragic result was the unleashing of violence against Jews, Muslims who had been tolerant of Christians now saw the Western Christians as violent |
| and uncivilized, thousands died on both sides will little gain in control of the Holy Land, the Crusades helped revive and stimulate east-west trade in the Mediterranean and spurred the growth of ports and cities. | |
| Describe the Saladin----- | |
| Describe the Richard----- |
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