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Bio 175 unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Meningitis ;Neisseria meningitidis | Bacteria, Endotoxin, IgA protease, meningococcemia, Penicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, vaccines |
| Meningitis; Streptococcus pneumoniae | Bacteria; capsule, hemolysin, H2O2 production; T; vancomycin+ceftriaxone, P; PCV12, PPSV23 vacccine |
| Meningitis ; Haemophilus influenzae | Bacteria; capsule; ceftriaxone |
| Meningitis; Listeria monocytogenes; | Bacteria; intercellular growth, resistant heat,salt,ph,bile, can cross placenta, birth canal; T; Ampicillin, trimethoprim and erythromycin; P; adequate pasteurization temp. food hygiene |
| Meningitis; Cryptococcus neoformans; | Fungus; Large capsules,bird poop dried and breathed; amphotericin B and fluconazole , no prevention |
| Meningitis; Coccidioides ; | Fungus; arthrospores, spherules in lungs,; amphotericin B and fluconazole |
| Meningitis; Enteroviruses; | Virus; lytic infection of host cell; none |
| Neonatal Meningitis; Streptococcus agalactiae; | Bacteria G+ Group B, capsule Penicillin G, aminoglycoside |
| Neonatal Meningitis; Escherichia coli | Bacteria G- none Ceftazidime or cefepime gentamicin |
| Neonatal Meningitis; Cronobacter sakazakii | Bacteria G- survive dry conditions , powder milk broad spectrum , hygiene |
| Zika Zika virus | Virus RNA Attachment None; supportive |
| Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus | virus RNA Attachment, motor neurons none ; supportive |
| Meningoencephalitis ; Naegleria fowleri PAM | Protozoan nasal passages. olfactory nerve infection; destroys brain and spinal tissue Amphotericin B, sulfadiazine or tetracycline; keep from entering the nasal passage, treat swimming water |
| Meningoencephalitis; Acanthamoeba GAM | protozoan broken skin, conjunctiva surgical excision of granulomas |
| Encephalitis West Nile virus | virus RNA arthropod bite, attachment none, mosquito protection |
| Encephalitis; Herpes virus | virus 1,2 DNA attachment Acyclovir |
| Subacute Encephalitis Toxoplasma gondii | Protozoan obligate intercellular Pyrimethamine or leucovorin or sulfadiazine |
| Subacute Encephalitis; Prions | Prion altering PrP proteins; avoids host immune response. none |
| Rabies Rabies virus | virus RNA envelope glycoprotein Inactivated vaccine; |
| Tetanus Clostridium tetani | Bacteria G+ Tetanospasm exotoxin T; antitoxin therapy with TIG and Penicillin. P; DT vaccine |
| Botulism Clostridium botulinum | Bacteria G+ endospore forming anaerobe exotoxins Antitoxin, Penicillin G, supportive care |
| Malaria Plasmodium falciparum,vivax,ovale, malariae ,knowlesi | Protozoa many antigen types, use up glucose to cause hyperglycemia, liver enlargement ;Artemisinin, chloroquine least toxic, and quinine |
| HIV and AIDS HIV | Retrovirus Lentivirus reverse transcriptase, invades T helper cells, high rate of mutation no cure, antiretroviral therapy, antiviral chemotherapy |
| Acute Endocarditis Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria Gonorrhoea | Bacteria colonize on heart valve, break off and create emboli, biofilm Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Vancomycin, |
| Subacute Endocarditis Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans | Bacteria, Alpha hemolytic Biofilms on heart valve, may need surgery, |
| Septicemia Bacteria , fungi, MRSA | G+ , G- G- cause endotoxin, G+ cell wall fragments in blood Broad spectrum until susceptibilities test |
| Plague ; Yersinia pestis | Bacteria G- Capsule, breaks down fibrin, infection with 3 - 50 cells Streptomycin or gentamicin; vaccine and pest control |
| Tularemia ; Francisella tularensis | Bacteria G- Intercellular growth, infected animals Gentamicin or streptomycin; avoid contact |
| Lyme Disease ; Borrelia burgdorferi | Bacteria G- Immunine evasion, antigen shifting Doxycycline, amoxicillin, cephalosporin and penicillin, |
| Mononucleosis Epstein-Barr virus | Virus Latency , host DNA supportive |
| Hemorrhagic Fevers; Yellow Fever Dengue Fever; Chikungunya ; Ebola; | Virus ; virus RNA envelop disruption of clotting factors supportive |
| Hemorrhagic Fevers; Lassa fever virus | Virus virus RNA envelop disruption of clotting factors Ribavirin |
| Nonhemorrhagic Fevers; Brucellosis Brucella species | Bacteria G- Intercellular growth and avoid phagocytes Doxycycline and gentamicin/ streptomycin |
| Nonhemorrhagic Fevers; Q Fever Coxiellla burnetii | Bacteria G- Endospore structures Doxycycline; vaccine |
| Nonhemorrhagic Fevers; Cat-Scratch Fever Bartonella henselae | Bacteria G- Endotoxin Azithromycin; clean wound, fleas |
| Nonhemorrhagic Fevers; Ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia | Bacteria G- intercellular from ticks Doxycycline |
| Nonhemorrhagic Fevers; Anaplasmosis Anaplasma | Bacteria G- intercellular from ticks Doxycycline |
| Nonhemorrhagic Fevers; Babesiosis Babesia | Protozoa affects red blood cells; from ticks antibacterial and antiprotozoal |
| Nonhemorrhagic Fevers; Rocky Mountain spotted Rickettsia rickettsii | Bacteria G- Apoptosis of cells lining blood vessels Doxycycline |
| Changas Disease Trypanosoma cruzi | protozoa induces autoimmunity insect control; call CDC |
| Anthrax Bacillus anthracis | Bacteria G+ triple exotoxin, endosporing vaccine ; call CDC |
| Pharyngitis Streptococcus pyogenes | Bacteria G+ super antigens and surface antigens to mimic host, streptolysins; Penicillin, cephalexin; hygiene |
| Pharyngitis Viral | viruses attachment supportive; hygiene |
| Common Cold 200 viruses | viruses Attachment, induce host response supportive; hygiene |
| Sinusitis Viral | Viruses attachment no treatment ; hygiene |
| Sinusitis Bacterial | Bacteria broad spectrum. |
| Sinusitis Fungal | Fungi remove fungus, antifungals |
| Otitis Media Streptococcus pneumoniae | Bacteria G+ capsule and hemolysin vaccine; amoxicillin or with clavulanate |
| Otitis Media Haemophilus influenzae | Bacteria G- Capsule and Fimbriae Hib vaccine ; amoxicillin / clavulanate |
| Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Bacteria G+ Exotoxin ; diphtheria toxin vaccine; Antitoxin and penicillin or erythromycin |
| Influenza Influenza A,B,C | virus RNA changing antigen of spikes , antigenic drift vaccine ; Oseltamivir and Zanamivir |
| Pertussis Bordetella pertussis | Bacteria G- Fimbrial , toxins DTaP vaccine; Azithromycin or erythromycin |
| Respiratory Syncytial Respiratory syncytial virus | virus Syncytia formation Ribavirin |
| Tuberculosis / MDR TB Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Bacteria Lipids in wall, cause cell mediated immunity vaccine and avoidance; Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin |
| Community Pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae | Bacteria G+ capsule PPSV23,PCV13 vaccine; Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, vancomycin |
| Community Pneumonia Legionella species | Bacteria G- resistant to chlorine Levofloxacin, azithromycin , moxifloxacin |
| Community Pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Bacteria Adhesins Azithromycin |
| Community Pneumonia Histoplasma capsulatum | Fungi survives in phagocytes Avoid bad soil, bat and bird poop; Amphotericin B, Itraconazole |
| Community Pneumonia Pneumocystis jirovecii | Fungi antifungals to AIDS; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole |
| Health care Pneumonia environmental contamination of ventilator | Bacteria hygiene , elevate head; broad spectrun antibiotics |
| Acute Diarrhea Salmonella | Bacteria G- adhensins, endotoxins Rehydration ; no drugs food/person hygiene |
| Acute Diarrhea Shigella | Bacteria G- endotoxins, enterotoxin trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, rehydration food/person hygiene |
| Acute Diarrhea shiga toxin E. coli | Bacteria G- shiga toxins, protein attachment supportive food/person hygiene |
| Acute Diarrhea E. coli other | Bacteria G- proteins for attachment, heat labile and heat stable exotoxins rehydration and antimotility agent food/person hygiene |
| Acute Diarrhea Campylobacter | Bacteria G- adhensins, exotoxins,induction of autoimmunity rehydration, erythromycin,azithromycin food/person hygiene |
| Acute Diarrhea Clostridium difficile | Bacteria G+ Enterotoxins A,B metronidazole or fidaxomicin food/person hygiene |
| Acute Diarrhea Vibrio cholerae | Bacteria G- Cholera toxin rehydration, doxycycline water hygiene |
| Acute Diarrhea Non Cholerae vibrio | Bacteria G- Doxycycline avoid raw shellfish |
| Acute Diarrhea Cryptosporidium | protozoa Intercellular growth none water / food treatment |
| Acute Diarrhea Rotavirus | virus attachment rehydration ; no drugs vaccine oral |
| Acute Diarrhea Norovirus | virus attachment rehydration ; no drugs hygiene |
| Food Poisoning Staphylococcus aureus | Bacteria G+ heat stable exotoxins supportive food handling |
| Food Poisoning Bacillus cereus | Bacteria G+ heat stable exotoxins , heat labile toxin supportive food handling |
| Food Poisoning Clostridium perfringens | Bacteria G+ heat labile toxins supportive food handling |
| Chronic Diarrhea Enteroaggregative E. coli | Bacteria G- attachment of group none, ciprofloxacin |
| Chronic Diarrhea Cyclospora cayetanensis | Protozoa invasiveness TMP SMZ food/person hygiene |
| Chronic Diarrhea Giardia lamblia | Protozoa attach to intestine alter mucosa Tinidazole, nitazoxanide water/ personal hygiene |
| Chronic Diarrhea Entamoeba histolytica | Protozoa Lytic enzymes, apoptosis, Metronidazole or chloroquine water/ personal hygiene |
| Dental Caries Polymicrobial | Bacteria Adhesins and acid producing Removal of disease tooth oral hygiene |
| Periodontitis Polymicrobial | Bacteria Induction of inflammatory, removal of plaque, anti inflammatory treatment oral hygiene |
| Mumps Mumps virus | virus Spike induced syncytium formation supportive MMR vaccine |
| Gastric Ulcers Helicobacter pylori | Bacteria G- Adhesins, urease Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin none |
| Hepatitis Hepatitis A or E | virus RNA Nonenveloped single strand rna vaccine vaccine |
| Hepatitis Hepatitis B | Virus DNA Enveloped DNA , Latency Interferon, tenofovir, entecavir vaccine |
| Hepatitis Hepatitis C | virus RNA suppresses immune function Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir NO vaccine |
| Intestinal Distress Enterobius vermicularis | pinworm H eggs hatch in intestine Albendazole hygiene |
| Intestinal Distress Trichuris trichiura | whipworm H Burrowing Mebendazole hygiene |
| Intestinal Distress Diphyllobothriun latum | tapeworm H vitamin B 12 usage Praziquantel Cook Meat complete |
| Intestinal Distress Hymenolepis nana | Helminth Praziquantel hygiene |
| Intestinal Distress Toxocara species | Helminth Albendazole hygiene |
| Intestinal Distress Ascaris lumbricoides | roundworm H abdominal obstruction, hypersensitivity Albendazole hygiene |
| Intestinal Distress Nexator americanus | hookworm H abdominal obstruction, hypersensitivity Albendazole sanitation |
| Intestinal Distress Cysticercosis | tapeworm H hooks and suckers Praziquantel cook Meat complete, no pig poop |
| Schistosomiasis Schistosoma mansoni | Helminth Antigenic cloaking , Liver disease Praziquantel |
| Urinary Tract Inf. Escherichia coli | Bacteria G- Adhesins and motility susceptibility test outcome hygiene |
| Urinary Tract Inf. Staphylococcus saprophyticus | Bacteria G+ Adhesins and motility susceptibility test outcome hygiene |
| Urinary Tract Inf. Enterobacteriaceae | Bacteria G- Adhesins and motility susceptibility test outcome hygiene |
| Leptospirosis Leptospira interrogans | Bacteria G- Adhesins and invasion proteins Doxycycline, penicillin G avoid animal urine |
| Gonorrhea Neisseria Gonorrhoea | Bacteria G- Fimbrial, antigenic variation, IgA protease, endotoxin Doxycycline, azithromycin avoid contact, condom |
| Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis | Bacteria G- Intracellular growth, Phagolysosome fusion prevention Doxycycline, azithromycin avoid contact, condom |
| Vaginitis/Vaginosis Candida albicans | Fungi biota that grows out of control Azole drugs. oral / topical avoid damage to vaginal biota |
| Vaginitis/Vaginosis Gardnerella | Bacteria biota that grows out of control Metronidazole or clindamycin avoid damage to vaginal biota |
| Vaginitis/Vaginosis Trichomonas vaginalis | Protozoa common biota Metronidazole or tinidazole condom |
| Prostatitis GI tract biota | Bacteria many antibiotics, muscle relaxers, alpha blockers none |
| Syphilis Treponema pallidum | Bacteria G- Lipoproteins Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin avoid contact, antibiotic treatment for contacts |
| Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi | Bacteria G- hemolysin Ceftriaxone or Azithromycin avoid contact, condom |
| Herpes Herpes simplex 1,2 | virus Latency Acyclovir and derivatives avoid contact |
| HPV wart disease Human Papillomavirus | virus Oncogenes no treat virus , remove wart vaccine, avoid contact |
| Molluscum Contagiosum wart Poxvirus or MCV | virus fomite transfer no treat virus , remove wart avoid contact |
| Group B strep group B streptococcus | Bacteria G+ beta hemolytic, birth canal transfer penicillin, ampicillin treat mother |
Created by:
scones and joe
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