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US History Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Roosevelt's main goals in fighting the depression | The programs focused on what historians refer to as the "3 R's": relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy back to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression. |
| Years for the Great Depression | August 1929 – March 1933 |
| Causes of the Great Depression | Overproduction, executive inaction, ill-timed tariffs, and an inexperienced Federal Reserve all contributed to the Great Depression. |
| New Deal | The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. |
| Shanty Towns | A shanty town or squatter area is a settlement of improvised buildings known as shanties or shacks, typically made of materials such as mud and wood. |
| What event brought an end to the Great Depression? | A combination of the New Deal and World War II lifted the U.S. out of the Depression. |
| Roosevelt’s fireside chats impact | His tone and demeanor communicated self-assurance during times of despair and uncertainty. Roosevelt was regarded as an effective communicator on radio, and the fireside chats kept him in high public regard throughout his presidency. |
| Why did voters vote for Roosevelt over Hoover | Roosevelt united the party around him, campaigning on the failures of the Hoover administration. He promised recovery with a "New Deal" for the American people. |
| Why was the New Deal a turning point in U. S. history? | The New Deal programs helped improve the lives of people suffering from the events of the depression. |
| Holocaust | The genocide of European Jews during World War II. |
| How many Jews were killed during the Holocaust | Over 6 million |
| Other groups that were killed during the Holocaust | People of opposite race, ethnicity, sexuality, or religion Hitler thought was right. |
| What religious group was killed by Germans in Concentration Camps? | Jehovah’s Witnesses |
| Under German rule, before Concentration Camps, where were Jews forced to live? | Jewish Ghettos |
| Genocide | the deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group |
| What happened to Hitler in the end? | He committed suicide by gunshot on 30 April 1945 in his Führerbunker in Berlin. |
| In addition to the gas chambers, how did Nazi’s kill off the Jews? | Starvation, beating, or burning |
| During the Holocaust, how were families separated? | Concentration camps and Ghettos, separated by sex. |
| Holocaust and annihilation | Nazi's wanted to annihilate the Jewish race. |
| What is the name for the laws that began to take away the rights of German Jews? | Anti-Jewish legislation |
| Democracy | a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. |
| Fascism | A form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and strong regimentation of society and of the economy which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. |
| Blitzkrieg | an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory. |
| Kamikaze | A Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target. |
| Axis Powers | The three principal partners in the Axis alliance were Germany, Italy, and Japan. |
| Why did United States decide to stay isolated from foreign affairs when WWII started? | Isolationists believed that World War II was ultimately a dispute between foreign nations and that the United States had no good reason to get involved. |
| Pearl Harbor events | The Attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States. |
| Why did Great Britain and France declare war on Germany? | On September 3, 1939, in response to Hitler's invasion of Poland, Britain and France, both allies of the overrun nation declare war on Germany. |
| What event caused the U.S. to enter WWII? | Pearl Harbor bombing |
| Under what plan did the U. S. provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of communism? | The Marshall Plan |
| Baby Boom | A baby boom is a period marked by a significant increase of birth rate. |
| Similarities between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War | Both powers built up massive militaries and weapons stockpiles, and both powers used their might to influence international affairs, even if it meant deposing democratically elected leaders |
| Cold War time period | 1947 – 1991 |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | During the Cuban Missile Crisis, leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores. |
| A state of tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union without actual fighting | Cold War |
| The war that created divisiveness among Americans throughout the 1960s | Vietnam War |
| How did women help in WWII | Pilots, nurses, repairs, and homekeeper |
| What kind of policy did Martin L. King, Jr., and other members of SCLC encouraged? | The civil rights movement |
| Freedom Riders | Civil rights activists. |
| Malcolm X | An African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement |
| Sit-Ins | Sit-ins were a form of protest used to oppose segregation, and often provoked heckling and violence from those opposed to their message. |
| Civil Rights and Martin Luther King, Jr. | He was a leader of the American civil rights movement. He organized a number of peaceful protests as head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, including the March on Washington in 1963. |
| Vietnamization | The US policy of withdrawing its troops and transferring the responsibility and direction of the war effort to the government of South Vietnam. |
| McCarthyism | a campaign or practice that endorses the use of unfair allegations and investigations |
| The Highway Act of 1956 | The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act, was enacted on June 29, 1956, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law. |
| The two nations divided at the 38th parallel | North Korea and South Korea |
| Watergate | The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon from 1971 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. |
| How did Truman justified dropping the atomic bomb on Japan? | Truman stated that his decision to drop the bomb was purely military. |
| The Manhattan Project | The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. |
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Nathan81379
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