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The Spanish Armada
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The most powerful empire in the known world in the late 16th century? | Spain |
| Spains king | Philip II |
| Where did Philip II rule? | Much of the New Work and much of western Europe |
| New World | North and South America |
| Sir Francis Drake | Had command of Spains Dutch rebels and English ships to attack Spains treasure fleet as they returned from the Caribbean. |
| Elizabeth I | Ruled England as a protestant nation. Executed Mary Queen of Scots in 1587 |
| Why did King Philip II dislike Elizabeth I | Elizabeth encouraged the English pirates, who plundered Philip's ships as they made their way from the New World, seizing their treasures. This angered Philip immensely, especially as the stolen treasure was used to help fund the Dutch Rebels |
| Dutch Rebels | The people rebelling against his rule in the Netherlands. |
| Armada | A leet of ships |
| How many ships in the Spanish Armada | 130 |
| The plan | Philip's plan was that an armada of 130 ships would sail to the Netherlands, pick up 30,000 Spanish troops and invade England. |
| What delayed the Armada | the Armada was delayed by an English attack on Cadiz harbour in 1587 where Drake made off with gold treaures and destroyed over 100 Spanish ships. |
| When did the Armada finally set sail? | May 1588 |
| What is a fire ship | An old ship loaded with burning material. Also known as a hell burner |
| What were fire ships/hell burners used for? | The English used fireships to scatter the Spanish fleet and then attack it |
| Battle of Gravelines | July 1588 - The Armada was forced to abandon its invasion attempt and was destroyed by storms, which Philip I called the Protestant Wind, whilst trying to sail home round the north of Scotland. |
| How did Queen Elizabeth celebrate | She had a portrait painted to publicise her famous victory |
| What did the battle represent? | The conflict with the Spanish Armada represented the height of the long struggle between Protestant England and Catholic Spain |
| How did Spain become a Catholic country? | In 1569, Philip expelled all Muslims from Spain, and he burned people who became Protestants. |
| Who did the Spanish navy defeat in 1571? | the Ottoman Empire, leaving Spain in control of the western Mediterranean. |
| What country did Philip conquer in 1580? | Portugal, which had a trading empire from Brazil to the East Indies. |
| Who is Rudolph? | Philip's nephew, Rudolph, was Emperor of Germany. |
| Sea Beggars | Protestant Dutch pirates, known as the 'Sea Beggars', were allowed to use English ports by Elizabeth, but she expelled them in 1572. In 1585, Elizabeth pledged support for the Dutch in their struggle for independence from Spain. |
| Privateers | A sailor employed by the Crown to attack or capture foreign ships. English 'privateers', such as Francis Drake, who were really government-authorised pirates, robbed the Spanish treasure fleet. |
| When and where did England set up base in the New World | England wanted a base in the New World and between 1585 and 1587 the English set up a colony in Roanoke, Virginia. |
| When was Mary Queens of Scots executed? | 1587 |
| Commander of The Spanish Armada | Duke of Medina Sidonia |
| Who led the Spanish Army | Duke of Parma |
| What problems stood in Philips way? | In 1587, a year earlier, Drake attacked Cadiz and destroyed over 100 of Philip's fleet in the arbour. Philip assembled another fleet in 1588, but it was hastily provisioned and badly equipped. Medina Sidonia begged not to be put in charge. |
| Crescent Formation | The way the ships in the Spanish Armada sailed up the English Channel. The ships were grouped in a curved line which was wide in the middle and tapered to a point at each end. This made it hard for the English to attack |
| Philip tried other armadas in | 1596 and 1597 - both were destroyed by storms |
| How did the English celebrate? | With a national day of Thanksgiving for its victory over Spain on the 24th November. |
Created by:
Frankiek
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