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Module 9
Module 9 Lessons 1, 3, and 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did the Tang rulers do? | Strengthened the central government, expanded the network of roads and canals , promoted foreign trade and improvements in agriculture, and restored China's bureaucracy. |
| What were scholar officials? | Men who passed a civil service examination |
| How did the Tang dynasty fall? | They struggled to control the empire and were defeated in battle. Border attacks and internal rebellions damaged the power of the government and rebels attacked the capital and killed the emperor. |
| What happened after the fall of the Tang Dynasty? | A general named Taizu reunited China and proclaimed himself the first Song emperor. |
| How was the Song dynasty conquered? | Song emperors tried to buy peace with their northern enemies but this failed and the Jurchin conquered northern China and established the Jin Empire forcing the Song dynasty to retreat. |
| What happened after the Song were conquered? | Song rulers established a new capital at Hangzhou, a coastal city south of the Chang Jiang |
| What were some inventions of the Song and Tang dynasties? | Magnetic compass, paper money, gunpowder, a moveable type, trade through foreign contacts, terraced farming, new mathematical and algebraic ideas, the revival of confucianism, and beautiful art and poetry. |
| What was a gentry? | A social class that attained their status through education and civil service positions rather than through land ownership. |
| What were the levels of social status? | Gentry, urban middle class (merchants, shopkeepers, skilled artisans, minor officials), laborers, soldiers, and servants, the peasants. |
| What was the status of women? | Their status further declined during the Tang and Song periods. This was especially true among the upper classes in cities. There a woman’s work was deemed less important to the family’s prosperity and status. Peasant women were less affected by this. |
| Where is Korea Located? | Between China and Japan |
| How did Korea's location affect it? | Its central location allowed it to be a bridge between the two countries. This location also left Korea vulnerable to invasion, and both China and Japan have dominated it for periods of time. |
| What's Korea's geography like? | Much of the peninsula is covered by mountains. Korea’s climate is hot in the summer and very cold in the winter. The peninsula has a coastline more than 5,000 miles long. |
| How did the geography affect the people of Korea? | Much of the peninsula is covered by mountains, which limits the amount of land for agriculture. The mountains run north to south along the east coast so Korea’s main population is in the west, where they can farm. |
| What's the Early history of Korea? | The first Koreans were nomadic people from Northeast Asia. who formed clans that controlled different areas of the peninsula. China’s Han Dynasty invaded the northern peninsula in 108 BC and established several colonies. |
| How did Silla unify Korea? | In the mid 600s, Silla defeated the other kingdoms with the help of China and then drove out the Chinese uniting the Peninsula. |
| How did the Koryo dynasty form? | Silla began to decline in the ninth century, and Wang Kon took over a region of Korea and founded the Koryo Dynasty which gained control of the entire peninsula in 935. |
| How did the Koryo dynasty fall? | The Mongols swept into Korea in 1231 so the Korean government retreated to an island fortress in the Han River, for several decades before suing for peace. The Mongol occupation lasted until the 1360s, when the Mongol Empire collapsed. |
| What was Koryo's culture? | Koryo culture consisted of the creation of celadon pottery blocks for Buddhist scriptures, and experimentation with the moveable type. |
| What was Koryo's government? | The dynasty modeled its central government after China’s and established a civil service system. This system did not provide social mobility for Koreans. Koryo society was divided between aristocracy and the rest of the population. |
| What was Early Japan like? | Japan was not a united country but hundreds of clans controlling their own territories. Each clan worshiped its own nature gods and goddesses. Their varied customs and beliefs eventually combined to form Japan’s earliest religion called Shinto |
| What was Buddhism like in Japan? | The Japanese learned from Korean travelers which eventually became an official religion. The Japanese did not entirely give up their Shinto beliefs and rather combined the two in rituals. |
| What did the Japanese borrow from China? | System of writing, artistic style and technique, and a similar government system (tried to introduce China’s civil-service system however noble birth remained the key to winning a powerful position) |
| How did the Japanese learn about Chinese civilization? | Prince Shotoku sent the first of three missions he directed to Chinato study the Chinese civilization. Over the next 200 years, the Japanese sent many such groups to learn about Chinese ways. |
| What was the Heian period? | The imperial court moved its capital from Nara to Heian. Many of Japan’s noble families also moved to Heian where the upper class in Heian, a highly refined court society arose. Rules dictated every aspect of life. |
| How did the Heian period decline? | The power of the central government and the Fujiwaras' family power began to slip. Large landowners living away from the capital set up private armies and the countryside became lawless and dangerous. |
| How did a feudal system arise in Japan? | Farmers and small landowners traded parts of their land to strong warlords in exchange for protection. |
| Who were Samurai and what did they do? | Samurai were members of Japan’s warrior class. Early samurai protected aristocratic landowners. Many rival lords surrounded himself with samurai bodyguards. Samurai lived according to a demanding code of behavior called Bushido/ |
| Who was Yoritomo? | Japan’s two most powerful clans fought and the Minamoto family won. In 1192, the emperor gave a Minamoto leader named Yoritomo the title of shougun which had the powers of a military dictator. |
| What was the Komkura Shogunate? | The emperor still reigned from Kyoto but the real center of power was at the shogun’s military headquarters at Kamakura. The 1200s are known in Japanese history as the Kamakura shogunate where shoguns ruled through puppet emperors until 1868. |
| How did the Komkura Shogunate fall? | The Japanese victory over the Mongols drained the shoguns’ treasury. Loyal samurai were bitter when the government failed to pay them. The Kamakura shoguns lost prestige and power. |
Created by:
25sciocco
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