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Progressive Era
Savvas/Pierson based Topic 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 16th Amendment | Progressive or graduated Income Tax (more money you make the more taxes you pay) |
| 17th Amendment | Direct election of senators |
| 18th Amendment | Prohibition...no alcohol sales in US |
| 19th Amendment | Women's suffrage (women get the right to vote) |
| William Jennings Bryan | Democratic candidate for president in 1896 under the banner of "free silver coinage" which won him support of the Populist Party. Also ran and lost in 1900 and 1908. Against American Imperialism |
| William McKinley | 25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist in 1901 |
| Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt | 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. McKinley's Vice President. Republican. |
| William Howard Taft | 27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term. Later, Supreme Court Justice |
| Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), segregated Federal Gov't |
| Muckrakers | Investigative reporters who wrote about social problems during this period; named by Teddy Roosevelt |
| Ida B. wells | wrote about the issue of Lynching and brought it to the attention of many Americans |
| Upton Sinclair | Wrote The Jungle which investigated the work place dangers in the meat packing industry. Writings helped get Pure Food and Drug Act passed |
| Lincoln Steffens | Wrote "The Jungle" investigated rats in the meat. Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act passed. |
| Jacob Riis | "How the Other Half Lives" photographed the urban depression |
| Booker T. Washington | African American leader, urged patience and gradual rights; founded the Tuskegee Institute for vocational training |
| WEB DuBois | African American leader; demanded equal rights now for African Americans |
| Susan B. Anthony | Along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton...early leaders in the Women's Suffrage movement |
| Frances Willard | Early leader of the WCTU (Woman's Christian Temperance Union) |
| Election of 1904 | Easy re-election of Teddy Roosevelt; after he had taken over in 1901 due to McKinley's assassination |
| Election of 1908 | Fairly easy election win for Wm. Howard Taft...TR's handpicked successor |
| Elections of 1912 | Wilson (Democrat) wins because the Republican infighting (Taft, not TR was selected to represent Republicans) splits the part almost in half |
| Federal Reserve Act | regulated the supply of money and currency |
| Clayton Anti-Trust Act | Anti Trust Act passed to give gov't even more power to regulate and break up big business |
| Initiative | Political reform that gives power (voice) to the people. People can put an idea on the ballot and vote on it. |
| Referendum | Political reform that gives power to the people. People can influence the government but politicians put the idea on the ballot and vote on it |
| Recall | Political reform that gives power to the people. Politicians can be removed from office with special election. |
| Direct Primaries | Party elections BEFORE the main election; the change is that the people are choosing the candidates as WELL as voting in the main elections |
| Square Deal | TRs plan for his presidency from 1901-1909; 3 C's were part of it; His view of a square deal for every American meant that all people would get a FAIR shot at things...the deck shouldn't be stacked against them |
| New Nationalism | TR's agenda and campaign platform for the 1912 election; similar to Wilson's New Freedom |
| New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's plan for his presidency: strongly resembles TR's New Nationalism |
| 3 Cs of Roosevelt's Square Deal | Conservationism; Consumer protection; Corporate Control |
| Interstate Commerce Act | Set up to regulate the RRs; US Government's first attempt to regulate big business |
| Margaret Sanger | Advocate for better women's health matters |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | Leader of NAWSA: fought for Women's right to vote |
| NAWSA | National American Woman Suffrage Association |
| Jane Addams | Founder of Hull House in Chicago; social services for urban poor |
| Hull House | organization committed to serving the urban poor; founded by Jane Addams; inspired organizations like the YMCA and YWCA to service urban poor |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory | Fire in 1911; 146 deaths; helped lead to workplace reforms |
| City commissions | political change in many cities to replace the mayor power structure; with 5 person commissions |
| Florence Kelley | leader of National Consumers League (NCL)--leader in workers' safety and business recommendations |
| WCTU | Women's Christian Temperance Union--helped lead to Prohibition (18th Amendment) Frances Willard...early leader |
| Frances Willard | Early leader of the WCTU--Temperance movement |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court Case in 1896 that upheld Jim Crow Laws; established notion that "separate but equal" is OK |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (still here) 1908; established after Springfield Riot; usually fights legal battles about housing and professional issues |
| The Crisis | Magazine of the NAACP; edited by WEB DuBois |
| Urban League | group which helps poor, urban African Americans (still here) |
| ADL | Anti-Defamation League--legally fights against verbal and physical hate crimes (1913....still here) |
| American Indian Citizenship Act | 1924--citizenship and voting rights given to Native Americans |
| Elkins and Hepburn Acts | 1903 and 1906--designed to help regulate railroad industry |
| John Muir | Conservationist from Calif. Helped get Yosemite as 1st National Park; wanted untouched lands |
| Gifford Pinchot | conservationist who allowed for some use of protected lands; eventually TR's favored conservationists; fired by Taft |
| Spanish American War | 1898 war with Spain; easy victory for US; picked up territories of Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico; Cuba declared independent from Spain |
| USS Maine | Ship that was sunk off coast of Cuba that helped instigate the Spanish American War. Actual reason for the ship sinking is still a mystery. |
| Puerto Rico | territory gained by US from Spain after the Spanish American War |
| Guam | territory gained by US from Spain after the Spanish American War |
| Philippines | territory gained by US from Spain after the Spanish American War; however, US also inherited the filipino fight for independence; W. H. Taft 1st governor of Philippines |
| Alfred T. Mahan | Naval Historian who argued US needed a huge military--like all successful empires in history |
| Frederick Jackson Turner | historian that argued the closing of the frontier made the US look overseas for a "safety valve" |
| Commodore Matthew Perry | Led fleet that "opened" Japan to trade with US in 1853 |
| Klondike Gold Rush | Helped populate Alaska, and led to more gold in US |
Created by:
mkelly817
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