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Modue 12
Module 12 Lessons 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is Africa's geography important? | Interaction with the African environment created unique cultures and societies. Each group found ways to adapt to the land and the resources it offers. |
| Where did most Africans live and why? | Savannas or grassy plains for their habitable climates and fertile soil. |
| Who were the Efe? | A nomadic hunting-gathering society. They live in the Ituri Forest in groups of 10-100 people. |
| What were the Roles of people in the Efe society? | Women are the gatherers and search the forest for roots, yams, mushrooms, and wild seeds. Men and older boys do hunt in groups or solo. |
| What is the Government in the Efe society? | A respected older male, typically served as group leader but he is not chief. Daily life was not governed by formal written laws. Each family makes its own decisions. Group members settle arguments through long discussions. |
| What are Pastoral Societies? | Nomads who drove their herds of animals to find water and good pastures for grazing during the dry season. |
| What happened when farmers transitioned to a settled life in around 6000 BC? | Stable food supply allowed them to build permanent shelters, expand settlements, lead longer, healthier lives, increased birthrate, and expand jobs. Some governments had a village chief and a council of the leaders of individual family groups. |
| What are lineages? | Families that are organized in groups. The members believe they are descendants of a common ancestor. Includes past, present, and future generations. |
| What are Stateless Societies? | lineage groups took the place of rulers. They did not have a centralized system of power. Authority was balanced among lineages of equal power so that no one family had too much control. |
| Whats the difference between a patrilineal and matrilineal society? | A patrilineal society trace their ancestors through their fathers. Matrilineal societies trace their ancestors through their mothers. |
| What is the Age Set system? | Young people within a region who are born during a certain time period. Each age set passes together through clearly identified life stages, such as warrior or elder. Ceremonies mark the passage to each new stage. |
| How did the Keep History? | They did not have written languages but had storytellers (griots) to keep history and literature of culture passing it from parent to child. |
| What religion did they believe in? | Polytheistic believing in one divine creator. Believed that spirits play an important role in daily life (animism). The nature spirits and the spirits of ancestors were responsible for life’s events. They would often perform ceremonies and rituals. |
| Who were the Nok people? | West Africa’s earliest known culture.They were the first West African people known to smelt iron. The iron was fashioned into tools for farming and weapons for hunting. |
| Who were the Djenné-Djeno? | The oldest known city in Africa south of the Sahara. By the third century BC, they had learned how to smelt iron. They exchanged their rice, fish, and pottery for copper, gold, and salt from other peoples on the river. |
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