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Unit 7
Cotton, Cattle, Railroads, and Closing the Texas Frontier
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| subsistence farming | the practice of growing enough crops for one’s family group |
| commercial agriculture | he practice of growing surplus crops to sell for profit |
| vaqueros | Spanish term for cowboy |
| urbanization | the process of increasing human settlement in cities |
| settlement patterns | the spatial distribution of where human inhabit the Earth |
| open range | public land that could be used by the public (usually for cattle) |
| barbed wire | twisted wire with clusters of short, sharp spikes set at intervals along it, used to make fences |
| stampede | a wild headlong rush or flight of frightened animals |
| windmill | a structure with a circle of wood slats radiating from a horizontal shaft used to pump water from underground sources in West Texas and the Panhandle |
| irrigation | the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels |
| textiles | a type of cloth or woven fabric |
| ranches | a large farm, especially in the western US, where cattle or other animals are bred and raised |
| Buffalo Soldiers | A member of one of the African-American regiments within the US Army after the Civil War, serving primarily in the Indian wars of the late 1860s |
| innovation | the introduction of something new; a new idea, method or device |
| technology | the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry; machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge |