Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Med Term - Ch 8
SEE SLIDES (Targets)! Definitions, roots, knowledge, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A sensory nerve ending or a specialized structure associated with a sensory nerve that responds to a stimulus | sensory receptor |
| A network for detecting stimuli from the internal and external environments | sensory system |
| The sense of balance | equilibrium |
| The sense of taste | gustation |
| The sense or perception of sound | hearing |
| The sense of smell | olfaction |
| The awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium; receptors are located in muscles, tendons, and joints | proprioception |
| Pertaining to the sense of touch | tactile |
| The sense by which the shape, size, and color of objects are perceived by means of the light they give off | vision |
| -esthesia | sensation |
| -algesia | pain |
| -osmia | sense of smell |
| -geusia | sense of taste |
| General senses include.... | Sensory receptors widely distributed throughout the body. Pain, touch, pressure, temperature, and proprioception. |
| Special senses include... | Sensory receptors found within complex sense organs. Gustation, olfaction, hearing, equilibrium, vision. |
| The pinna is also called the... | auricle |
| The external auditory canal is also called the... | meatus |
| The tympanic membrane is also called the.... | eardrum |
| Cerumen is also called... | earwax |
| The malleus is also called... | hammer |
| The incus is also called... | anvil |
| The stapes is also called... | saddle |
| The auditory tube is also called the... | eustachian tube |
| The spiral organ is also called the... | Organ of Corti |
| The spiral organ is located within the... | cochlea |
| The vestibulocochlear nerve is cranial nerve number... | eight |
| The tube that connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and serves to equalize pressure between the outer and middle ear | auditory tube |
| The brownish, wax-like secretion formed in the external ear canal to protect the ear and prevent infection | cerumen |
| The coiled portion of the inner ear that contains the receptors for hearing | cochlea |
| Tube that extends from the pinna of the ear to the tympanic membrane | external auditory canal |
| The small bones of the middle ear; the malleus, incus, and stapes | ossicles |
| The middle ossicle of the ear | incus |
| The inner ear, named for its complex structure, which resembles a maze | labyrinth |
| The ossicle of the middle ear that is in contact with the tympanic membrane and the incus | malleus |
| The projecting part of the outer ear | pinna |
| The three curved channels of the inner ear that hold receptors for equilibrium | semicircular canals |
| The hearing receptor, which is located in the cochlea of the inner ear | spiral organ |
| The ossicle that is in contact with the inner ear | stapes |
| The membrane between the external auditory canal and the middle ear | tympanic membrane |
| The portion of the inner ear that is concerned with the sense of equilibrium; it consists of the vestibule and the semicircular canals | vestibular apparatus |
| The chamber in the inner ear that holds some of the receptors for equilibrium | vestibule |
| The nerve that transmits impulses for hearing and equilibrium from the ear to the brain | vestibulocochlear nerve |
| audi/o | hearing |
| acous, acus, cus | sound |
| ot/o | ear |
| myring/o | tympanic membrane |
| tympan/o | tympanic |
| salping/o | auditory tube |
| staped/o, stapedi/o | stapes |
| labyrinthi/o | labyrinth |
| vestibul/o | vestibule |
| cochle/o | cochlea |
| A cochlear implant works by... | bypassing inner ear and stimulating the 8th cranial nerve directly. |
| Swimmers ear is called... | otitus extena |
| A tumor of the eighth cranial nerve sheath; although benign, it can press on surrounding tissue and produce symptoms | acoustic neuroma |
| Hearing impairment that results from blockage of sound transmission to the inner ear | conductive hearing loss |
| A disease associated with increased fluid pressure in the inner ear and characterized by hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus | meniere disease |
| Inflammation of the external auditory canal | otitus externa |
| Inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of serous (watery) or mucoid fluid | otitus media |
| Formation of abnormal and sometimes hardened bony tissue in the ear; it usually occurs around the oval window and the footplate (base) of the stapes, causing immobilization of the stapes and progressive hearing loss | otosclerosis |
| Hearing impairment that results from damage to the inner ear, eighth cranial nerve, or auditory pathways in the brain | sensorineural hearing loss |
| A sensation of noises, such as ringing or tinkling, in the ear | tinnitus |
| An illusion of movement, as of the body moving in space or the environment moving about the body; usually caused by disturbances in the vestibular apparatus; used loosely to mean dizziness or lightheadedness | vertigo |
| Define: myringotomy | Surgical incision of the tympanic membrane; performed to drain the middle ear cavity or to insert a tube into the tympanic membrane for drainage |
| Define: stapedectomy | Surgical removal of the stapes; it may be combined with insertion of a prosthesis to correct otosclerosis |
| Pertaining to or perceived by the ear | aural |
| A unit for measuring the relative intensity of sound | decibel |
| A unit for measuring the frequency (pitch) of sound | hertz |
| A small projection of the temporal bone behind the external auditory canal; it consists of loosely arranged bony material and small, air-filled cavities | mastoid process |
| A small muscle attached to the stapes; it contracts in the presence of a loud sound, producing the acoustic reflex | stapedius |
| A cyst-like mass containing cholesterol that is most common in the middle ear and mastoid region; a possible complication of chronic middle ear infection | cholesteatoma |
| Inflammation of the ear’s labyrinth (inner ear); otitis interna | labyrinthitis |
| Inflammation of the air cells of the mastoid process | mastoiditus |
| Loss of hearing caused by aging | presbyacusis |
| Measurement of hearing | audiometry |
| Define: electronystagmography | A method for recording eye movements by means of electrical responses; such movements may reflect vestibular dysfunction |
| Define: otorhinolaryngology | The branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the ear(s), nose, and throat (ENT); also called otolaryngology (OL) |
| Instrument for examining the ear | otoscope |
| Test that measures hearing by comparing results of bone conduction and air conduction | Rinne Test |
| A two-syllable word with equal stress on each syllable; used in hearing tests; examples are toothbrush, baseball, cowboy, pancake | spondee |
| Test for hearing loss that uses a vibrating tuning fork placed at the center of the head | Weber Test |
| Abbreviation Meaning: ABR | auditory brainstem response |
| Abbreviation Meaning: AC | air conduction |
| Abbreviation Meaning: BAEP | Brainstem auditory evoked potentials |
| Abbreviation Meaning: BC | bone conduction |
| Abbreviation Meaning: dB | decibel |
| Abbreviation Meaning: ENG | electronystagmography |
| Abbreviation Meaning: ENT | Ear, Nose, Throat |
| Abbreviation Meaning: HL | Hearing Level |
| Abbreviation Meaning: Hz | Hertz |
| Abbreviation Meaning: OL | Otolaryngology |
| Abbreviation Meaning: OM | Otitus Media |
| Abbreviation Meaning: ORL | Otorhinolaryngology |
| Abbreviation Meaning: ST | speech threshold |
| Abbreviation Meaning: TM | tympanic membrane |
| Abbreviation Meaning: TTS | temporary threshold shift |
| Adjustment of the lens’s curvature to allow for vision at various distances | accomodation |
| Fluid that fills the eye anterior to the lens | aqueous humor |
| The dark, vascular, middle layer of the eye | choroid |
| The muscular portion of the uvea that surrounds the lens and adjusts its shape for near and far vision | ciliary body |
| A specialized cell in the retina that responds to light; cones have high visual acuity, function in bright light, and respond to colors | cone |
| The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the eyeball’s anterior surface | conjunctiva |
| Coordinated movement of the eyes toward fixation on the same point | convergence |
| The clear, anterior portion of the sclera | cornea |
| The tiny depression in the retina that is the point of sharpest vision | fovea |
| The muscular colored ring between the lens and the cornea; regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by altering the size of the pupil at its center | iris |
| A gland above the eye that produces tears | lacrimal gland |
| The transparent, biconvex structure in the anterior portion of the eye that refracts light and functions in accommodation | lens |
| A small spot or colored area; used alone to mean the yellowish spot in the retina that contains the fovea | macula |
| The point where the optic nerve joins the retina; at this point, there are no rods or cones | optic disc |
| The bony cavity that contains the eyeball | orbit |
| An eyelid; a protective fold (upper or lower) that closes over the anterior surface of the eye | palpebra |
| The opening at the center of the iris | pupil |
| The bending of light rays as they pass through the eye to focus on a specific point on the retina; also the determination and correction of ocular refractive errors | refraction |
| The innermost, light-sensitive layer of the eye; contains the rods and cones | retina |
| A specialized cell in the retina that responds to light; rods have low visual acuity, function in dim light, and do not respond to color | rod |
| The tough, white, fibrous outermost layer of the eye; the white of the eye | sclera |
| The middle, vascular layer of the eye | uvea |
| Sharpness of vision | visual acuity |
| The transparent jelly-like mass that fills the eyeball’s main cavity | vitreous body |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| papebr/o | eyelid |
| dacry/o | tear |
| dacryocyst/o | lacrimal sac |
| lacrim/o | tear |
| opt/o | eye, vision |
| ocul/o | eye |
| ophthalm/o | eye |
| scler/o | sclera |
| corne/o | cornea |
| karat/o | cornea |
| lent/i | lens |
| phak/o, phac/o | lens |
| uvel/o | uvea |
| chori/o, choroid/o | choroid |
| cycl/o | ciliary body |
| ir, irit/o | iris |
| pupill/o | pupil |
| retin/o | retina |
| -opsia | condition of vision |
| -opia | condition of the eye |
| Deterioration of the macula associated with aging; macular degeneration impairs central vision | age-related macular degeneration (AMD) |
| An error of refraction caused by irregularity in the curvature of the cornea or lens | astigmatism |
| Opacity of the lens of the eye | cataract |
| Inflammation of the conjunctiva | conjuctivitus |
| Conjunctivitis is also called... | pink eye |
| Degenerative changes in the retina associated with diabetes mellitus | diabetic retinopathy |
| An eye disease caused by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic disk and causes vision loss; usually results from faulty fluid drainage from the anterior eye | glaucoma |
| A refractive error in which light rays focus behind the retina and objects can be seen clearly only when far from the eye; farsightedness; also called hypermetropia | hyperopia |
| A refractive error in which light rays focus in front of the retina and objects can be seen clearly only when very close to the eye; nearsightedness | myopia |
| Severe conjunctivitis usually caused by infection with gonococcus during birth | ophthalmia neonatorum |
| Removal of a cataract by ultrasonic destruction and extraction of the lens | phacoemulsification |
| Changes in the eye that occur with age; the lens loses elasticity and the ability to accommodate for near vision | presbyopia |
| Separation of the retina from its underlying layer | retinal detatchment |
| An infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis leading to inflammation and scarring of the cornea and conjunctiva; a common cause of blindness in underdeveloped countries | trachoma |
| The angle at either end of the slit between the eyelids | canthus |
| A measurement unit for the refractive power of a lens | diopter |
| The normal condition of the eye in refraction, in which parallel light rays focus exactly on the retina | emmetropia |
| A bottom or base; the region farthest from the opening of a structure | fundus |
| A sebaceous gland in the eyelid | meibomian gland |
| The framework of dense connective tissue that gives shape to the eyelid | tarsus |
| A system of fibers that holds the lens in place; also called suspensory ligaments | zonule |
| A condition that occurs when visual acuity is not the same in the two eyes in children | amblyopia |
| Condition in which the two pupils are not of equal size | anisocoria |
| Drooping of the eyelid | blepharoptosis |
| A small mass on the eyelid resulting from inflammation and blockage of a meibomian gland | chalazion |
| Small growths that appear as tiny yellowish spots beneath the retina of the eye; typically occur with age but also occur in certain abnormal conditions | drusen |
| A small moving object in the field of vision that originates in the vitreous body | floater |
| Inflammation of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; a sty | hordeolum |
| Conical protrusion of the corneal center | keratoconus |
| Abnormal contraction of the pupils | miosis |
| Pronounced or abnormal dilation of the pupil | mydriasis |
| Night blindness; inability to see well in dim light or at night | nyctalopia |
| Rapid, involuntary, rhythmic movements of the eyeball; may occur in neurologic diseases or disorders of the inner ear’s vestibular apparatus | nystagmus |
| Swelling of the optic disk | papilledema |
| A small blister or nodule on the cornea or conjunctiva | pseudophakia |
| Inflammation of the retina | retinitis |
| A hereditary chronic degenerative disease of the retina that begins in early childhood; there is atrophy of the optic nerve and clumping of pigment in the retina | retinitis pigmentosa |
| A malignant glioma of the retina | retinoblastoma |
| An area of diminished vision within the visual field | scotoma |
| A deviation of the eye in which the visual lines of each eye are not directed to the same object at the same time | strabismus |
| Adhesion of parts, especially adhesion of the iris to the lens and cornea | synechia |
| A soft, slightly raised, yellowish patch or nodule usually on the eyelids; occurs in the elderly | xanthoma |
| Surgical division of a canthus | canthotomy |
| Instrument for incising the lens capsule | cystotome |
| Study of the retina’s electrical response to light stimulation | electroretinography |
| Surgical removal of the eyeball | enucleation |
| Examination of the angle between the cornea and the iris (anterior chamber angle) in which fluids drain out of the eye | gonioscopy |
| An instrument for measuring the curvature of the cornea | keratometer |
| A drug that causes dilation of the pupil | mydriatic |
| An instrument for determining the degree and kind of strabismus | phorometer |
| An instrument used to determine refractive errors of the eye | retinoscope |
| An instrument for examining the eye under magnification | slit-lamp biomicroscope |
| A chart printed with letters of decreasing size used to test visual acuity when viewed from a set distance; results reported as a fraction giving a subject’s vision compared with normal vision at a distance of 20 ft | Snellen Chart |
| Suturing together of all or part of the upper and lower eyelids | tarsorrhaphy |
| An instrument used to measure fluid pressure in the eye | tonometer |
| Abbreviation Meaning: A or Acc | Accommodation |
| Abbreviation Meaning: AMD | Age-related macular degeneration |
| Abbreviation Meaning: ARC | Abnormal retinal correspondence |
| Abbreviation Meaning: As or AST | Astigmatism |
| Abbreviation Meaning: cc | With correction |
| Abbreviation Meaning: Em | Emmetropia |
| Abbreviation Meaning: EOM | Extraocular movement, muscles |
| Abbreviation Meaning: ERG | Electroretinography |
| Abbreviation Meaning: ET | Esotropia |
| Abbreviation Meaning: FC | Finger counting |
| Abbreviation Meaning: HM | Hand movements |
| Abbreviation Meaning: IOL | Intraocular lens |
| Abbreviation Meaning: IOP | Intraocular pressure |
| Abbreviation Meaning: NRC | Normal retinal correspondence |
| Abbreviation Meaning: NV | Near vision |
| Abbreviation Meaning: sc | Without correction |
| Abbreviation Meaning: VA | Visual acuity |
| Abbreviation Meaning: VF | Visual field |
| Abbreviation Meaning: XT | Exotropia |
Created by:
captchacode
Popular Clinical Skills sets